Smithsonian Institution Archives

Finding Aids to Official Records of the Smithsonian Institution

Record Unit 46
Office of the Secretary,
Records,
1925-1949


Historical Note

Descriptive Entry

Series Descriptions

  Series 1. General Correspondence, 1925-1949.

  Series 2. Card Indexes to correspondence.

See also the on-line exhibition, "Beauty in Service to Science."



HISTORICAL NOTE

These records document the administrations of the Smithsonian Institution during the last years of Charles D. Walcott's administration, circa, 1925-1927; the tenure of Charles G. Abbot, his successor, 1927-1944; and a portion of the administration of Alexander Wetmore, circa 1944.


DESCRIPTIVE ENTRY

This record unit traces the operation of the Smithsonian from 1925 to 1949. It contains records from the last years of Secretary Charles D. Walcott's administration, perhaps most notably the ambitious but abortive fund raising campaign to add $10,000,000.00 to the Smithsonian's endowment. The Depression and consequent cut-backs in government support are also present in the records, as well as Smithsonian contributions to World War II, which naturally had a significant impact on operations as well. Smithsonian bureaus that were created, enlarged, or significantly changed during these years, and which are represented here, include the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; the National Gallery of Art (now the Smithsonian American Art Museum); the National Gallery of Art created from the gift of Andrew Mellon; the National Zoological Park; the National Air and Space Museum; and the Canal Zone Biological Area (now the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute). Secretary Charles G. Abbot, whose tenure these records chiefly document, found his job complicated by the effects of the Depression and World War II. The principal event of his administration was Andrew Mellon's gift of a national art museum. Abbot created a Division of Radiation and Organisms within the Astrophysical Observatory, which he had directed and which remained his chief interest. He was also able to use Works Progress Administration funds to produce major improvements at the National Zoological Park. The Smithsonian maintained its ties with the National Academy of Sciences, the Carnegie Institution, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, the National Research Council, the National Geographic Society, and similar organizations. During World War II the Smithsonian was instrumental in operating the Ethnogeographic Board, and co-operated with the Office of Scientific Research and Development. Topics in these records include: the Johnson-Smithsonian Expedition to the Puerto Rico Trench, 1932; the Eighth American Scientific Congress, Washington, 1940; the Smithsonian Scientific Series; North American Wildflowers; the Langley-Wright controversy; the River Basin Survey; the abortive design competition for a museum of modern art, won by Eliel and Eero Saarinen and Robert Swanson; "The World Is Yours" radio programs; Robert H. Goddard's rocket research; the Langley Medal; private funding for the Smithsonian, particularly the Tamblyn and Brown plans for a 1927 campaign and the associated 1927 Conference on the Future of the Smithsonian; and Abbot's research in solar radiation and climatic studies.


SERIES DESCRIPTIONS

SERIES 1.
General Correspondence, 1925-1949.

This series is a general correspondence series, arranged alphabetically by writer or topic.

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Freer Gallery of Art

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National Collection of Fine Arts

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National Gallery of Art

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National Zoological Park

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Smithsonian Gallery of Art

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Smithsonian in World War II

Here follow records of Smithsonian relations with various other bureaus and offices of the government during World War II and its aftermath.

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The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, the predecessor of N.A.S.A., was in part based on work performed by the Smithsonian at its Langley Aerodynamical Laboratory before World War I. The Secretary of the Institution was an ex officio member of its board.

Box 157 of 277

National Archives

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Bureau of the Budget

Box 162 of 277

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Department of Agriculture

Box 166 of 277

Department of Commerce

Department of the Interior

Box 167 of 277

Department of Justice

Post Office Department

Box 168 of 277

Department of State

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Treasury Department

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War Department

Box 182 of 277

World War II Emergency Agencies

Box 183 of 277

U. S. Senate

Box 184 of 277

House of Representatives

Box 185 of 277

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Government Printing Office

Box 187 of 277

SERIES 2.
Card Indexes to correspondence.

Boxes 188-277 of 277


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Revised: April 27, 2006