The Museum of African Art became part of the Smithsonian Institution in 1979, acquiring its present name in 1981. Its directors have been Warren M. Robbins, 1979-1981, and Founding Director Emeritus, 1992- ; John E. Reinhardt, Acting Director, 1981-1982; Sylvia H. Williams, 1983-1996; Patricia L. Fiske, Acting Director, 1996; and Roslyn A. Walker, 1997- .

The Director is responsible for implementing the broad mission of the National Museum of African Art. The first Director, Warren M. Robbins, led the Museum from its beginnings as a private organization, the Museum of African Art, through its incorporation into the Smithsonian. Subsequent Directors have worked with their staffs to present the visual arts and culture of the African continent in fresh and engaging ways.