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Finding Aids to Personal Papers and Special Collections in the Smithsonian Institution Archives

Record Unit 7229

United States Marine Mammal Program

Records, circa 1967-1973 and undated

Repository:Smithsonian Institution Archives, Washington, D.C. Contact us at osiaref@si.edu.
Creator:United States Marine Mammal Program
Title:Records
Dates:circa 1967-1973 and undated
Quantity:5.5 cu. ft. (11 document boxes)
Collection:Record Unit 7229
Language of Materials:English
Summary:

These records consist of files maintained in the office of the Program Director of the United States Marine Mammal Program concerning the administration of the Program. Records include administrative files; handwritten notes by the Program Director; general correspondence; research proposals; records of an international conference; newsletters; reports; copies of legislation concerning marine mammal protection; and publications, newspaper clippings, and miscellany.

Historical Note

The United States Marine Mammal Program was established in 1969 by the United States National Committee of the International Biological Program (USNC/IBP) and the International Marine Mammal Working Group of the International Biological Program.

In 1964 the International Council of Scientific Unions, a nongovernmental organization, created a Special Committee for the International Biological Program (SCIBP) whose theme was the "Biological Basis for Productivity and Human Welfare." Programs focusing on this theme were developed by SCIBP and were operational from 1967 to 1972, with a later extension to 1974. Participation by the United States government in the International Biological Program began in 1965 when a National Academy of Sciences' ad hoc committee recommended the formation of USNC/IBP.

USNC/IBP's activities were coordinated by the National Science Foundation, which also provided most of the funding. Support funds were also contributed by the Atomic Energy Commission, Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Department of Agriculture, Department of Defense, Smithsonian Institution, and private industry. In 1967, USNC/IBP began a study of marine mammals that finally resulted in the formation of the United States Marine Mammal Program.

The United States Marine Mammal Program was directed by an eleven-member Marine Mammal Council (MMC) appointed by the United States Marine Mammal Working Group. The Council, in turn, named a four-member Executive Committee to oversee daily operations; an office was set up in the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History. Members of the Executive Committee included Program Director G. Carleton Ray of The Johns Hopkins University; Kenneth S. Norris of The Oceanic Institute, Hawaii; Charles O. Handley of the Smithsonian Institution; and William E. Schevill of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The program director also served as a member of the International Marine Mammal Working Group. As overseer of the Program, the MMC served as a catalyst for marine mammal studies by aiding in developing a Marine Mammal Study Center at the Smithsonian for the study of fossil and recent mammals; publishing The Marine Mammal Newsletter; sponsoring marine mammal conferences; cooperating with other phases of the United States International Biological Program; and coordinating existing and new research through its Integrated Research Program. By providing information needed for the rational international management of marine mammals, the Marine Mammal Program emphasized the opportunity for ecological studies rather than those having an economic or political basis.

Other related activities of the Council included assisting and advising the United States Congress on marine mammal affairs following the introduction of bills and resolutions. Several Council members also testified before Congressional committee hearings.

On June 30, 1974, the United States' participation in the International Biological Program was officially terminated when funding from the National Science Foundation ceased.

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Descriptive Entry

These records consist of files maintained in the office of the program director of the United States Marine Mammal Program concerning the administration of the Program. Records include administrative files; handwritten notes by the program director; general correspondence; research proposals; records of an international conference; newsletters; reports; copies of legislation concerning marine mammal protection; and publications, newspaper clippings, and miscellany.

Correspondents include Suzanne M. Contos; William E. Evans; Charles O. Handley, Jr.; Kenneth S. Norris; Clayton E. Ray; G. Carleton Ray; William E. Schevill.

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Preferred Citation

Smithsonian Institution Archives, Record Unit 7229, Records

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Container List

Series 1

ADMINISTRATIVE FILES, 1969-1973. ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY.

This series consists of administrative records generated by the office of the program director of the United States Marine Mammal Program. Included are program proposals, correspondence, minutes and other records of meetings, committee reports, and memoranda. Also included are similar records from the Program's parent organizations.

Box 1

Folder 1 IBP Congress, 1967-1970.

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Folder 2 IBP Cooperation (Proposals from Outside Parties), 1967-1970.

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Folder 3 IBP Correspondence, 1968-1970.

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Folder 4 IBP Interfaces, ca. 1971.

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Folder 5 IBP International, 1971.

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Folder 6 IBP International, 1972-1973.

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Folder 7 IBP Marine Mammal Proposal, 1969.

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Folder 8 IBP Marine Mammal Working Group, First Meeting, 27-28 January 1968.

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Folder 9 IBP Proposal Reviews (2nd ed.), 1969.

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Folder 10 IBP U.S. National Committee (Washington), October 1969-February 1971.

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Folder 11 IBP U.S. National Committee (Washington), March-July 1971.

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Box 2

Folder 1 IBP U.S. National Committee (Washington), August-December 1971.

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Folder 2 IBP U.S. National Committee (Washington), 1972.

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Folder 3 IBP U.S. Proposal, 1968.

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Folder 4 IBP U.S. Proposal, 1969-1970.

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Folder 5 International Marine Mammal Working Group, 1971.

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Folder 6 Marine Mammal Council Memoranda, 1968, 1971-1972.

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Folder 7 Marine Mammal Council Minutes, 1971.

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Folder 8 Marine Mammal Proposals (Draft), 1968-1970.

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Folder 9 "Marine Mammals: The Biological Basis of Productivity and Conservation ," volume I, 1972.

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Box 3

Folder 1 "Marine Mammals: The Biological Basis of Productivity and Conservation," volume II, 1972.

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Folder 2 "Marine Mammals: The Biological Basis of Productivity and Conservation," volume III, 1972.

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Folder 3 Productivity Marine (IBP) Section Meeting, Rome, October 1971.

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Folder 4 U.S. Executive Committee for the International Biological Program Meeting, January 1971.

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Folder 5 U.S. IBP Proposal Masters and Final Proposal, 1970.

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Folders 6-8 USNC/IBP September Meeting, 1969.

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Series 2

G. CARLETON RAY'S NOTES, 1970-CA. 1973. ARRANGED CHRONOLOGICALLY.

This series consists of G. Carleton Ray's notes apparently written before or after meetings he attended.

Box 3

Folder 9 G. Carleton Ray's Notes, 1970-May 1972.

Box 3 of 11

Box 4

Folder 1 G. Carleton Ray's Notes, June 1972-ca. September 1973.

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Series 3

GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE (INCOMING AND OUTGOING), 1967-1973. ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY.

This series consists of correspondence from the Program Director's office, conservation organizations, and individuals concerning participation in the Marine Mammal Program's activities.

Box 4

Folder 2 "A" misc., 1971.

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Folder 3 "B" misc., 1970-1972.

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Folder 4 Conservation Foundation, 1971-1972.

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Folder 5 Council on Environmental Quality, 1971-1972.

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Folder 6 "C" misc., 1971-1972.

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Folder 7 "D" misc., 1969-1973.

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Folder 8 "E" misc., 1971.

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Folder 9 Foresta Institute for Ocean and Mountain Studies, 1970-1971.

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Folder 10 "F" misc., 1971-1972.

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Folder 11 "G" misc., 1971.

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Folder 12 "H" misc., 1971-1973.

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Folder 13 International Union for Conservation of Nature, 1971-1972.

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Folder 14 "I" misc., 1967, 1971-1973.

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Folder 15 "J" misc., 1971-1972.

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Folder 16 "K" misc., 1967, 1971-1972.

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Folder 17 "L" misc., 1971-1972.

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Folder 18 Marine Mammal Legislation, Correspondence on, 1971-1972.

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Folder 19 "Mc" misc., 1971.

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Folder 20 "M" misc., 1971-1972.

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Box 5

Folder 1 National Science Foundation, 1970-1974.

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Folder 2 National Science Foundation Grant to Johns Hopkins University, #1 (1972), 1971-1972, 1975.

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Folder 3 "N" misc., 1968-1973.

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Folder 4 "O" misc., 1971-1973.

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Folder 5 "P" misc., 1971.

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Folder 6 "R" misc., 1971-1972.

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Folder 7 Sea Mammal Institute, 1971.

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Folder 8 "S" misc., 1967-1973.

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Folder 9 "T" misc., 1971-1972.

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Folder 10 "U" misc., 1967.

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Folder 11 "V" misc., 1971.

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Folder 12 "W" misc., 1971-1973.

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Folder 13 "Y" misc., 1969

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Series 4

IBP COMPONENT PROGRAM RESEARCH PROPOSALS, 1971-1973 AND UNDATED. ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY.

This series consists of research proposals submitted for financial support by scientists to the Marine Mammal Council. Also included are correspondence and the Council's evaluations of most of the proposals.

Box 5

Folder 14 Memos to Investigators, 1972-1973.

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Folder 15 Project Information Sheet, undated.

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Folder 16 IBP Component Program: David K. Caldwell with Blair Irvine and Melba C. Caldwell, 1971-1972.

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Folder 17 IBP Component Program: Douglas G. Chapman with Terrell Newby, 1971.

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Folder 18 IBP Component Program: William C. Cummings, 1971.

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Folder 19 IBP Component Program: Murray Dailey, 1971.

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Folder 20 IBP Component Program: William T. Doyle with Richard W. Pierce, Burney Le Boeuf, Roger L. Gentry et al., 1971-1972.

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Folder 21 IBP Component Program: William Evans and J. S. Leatherwood, undated.

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Folder 22 IBP Component Program: William Evans with William Perrin, Dale Rice, and Donald R. Patten, 1971-1972.

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Folder 23 IBP Component Program: Roger L. Gentry, 1971-1972.

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Folder 24 IBP Component Program: Robert Goodman and Kenneth S. Norris (?).

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Box 6

Folder 1 IBP Component Program: Charles O. Handley, Jr. and Clayton E. Ray, 1971.

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Folder 2 IBP Component Program: Myron S. Jacobs, 1971.

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Folder 3 IBP Component Program: Karl W. Kenyon, 1971.

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Folder 4 IBP Component Program: Ke Chung Kim, 1971-1973.

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Folder 5 IBP Component Program: Samuel M. McGinnis, 1971.

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Folder 6 IBP Component Program: Diana Magor and Stephen Price, 1971-1972.

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Folder 7 IBP Component Program: L. Keith Miller, 1971-1972.

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Folder 8 IBP Component Program: Joseph C. Moore, 1971.

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Folder 9 IBP Component Program: Kenneth S. Norris with Thomas P. Dohl and William Mautner, 1971.

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Folder 10 IBP Component Program: Daniel K. Odell, 1971-1972.

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Folder 11 IBP Component Program: William F. Perrin, 1971.

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Folder 12 IBP Component Program: Tony J. Peterle, 1971-1972.

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Folder 13 IBP Component Program: John H. Prescott, 1971-1972.

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Folder 14 IBP Component Program: Donald Puppione, 1971.

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Folder 15 IBP Component Program: G. Carleton Ray with Francis H. Fay, John J. Burns, and C. Peter McRoy, 1971-1972.

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Folder 16 IBP Component Program: Peter D. Shaughnessy, 1971.

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Folder 17 IBP Component Program: Deborah H. Truitt, 1971.

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Folder 18 IBP Component Program: Letters of Inquiry, 1971.

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Folder 19 IBP Component Program: Original Evaluation Form, undated.

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Folder 20 Miscellaneous Research Proposals, ca. 1970 and undated.

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Series 5

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE BIOLOGY OF WHALES, 1970-1973. ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY.

This series documents the Marine Mammal Council's International Conference on the Biology of Whales held in June 1971 in Luray, Virginia, to consider the basic biology required for proper management of whales that were placed on the Endangered Species List by Secretary of the Interior Walter Hickel in November 1970. Included are conference manuscripts that were published in a book entitled The Whale Problem: A Status Report (Schevill, ed., Harvard University Press, 1974); transcript of proceedings; correspondence and memoranda; news releases; and financial records.

Box 6

Folder 21 Budget Background, 1971-1972.

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Folder 22 Conference Correspondence, 1970-1973.

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Box 7

Folder 1 Conference Manuscript: Anelio Aguayo L., 1971.

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Folder 2 Conference Manuscript: K. Radway Allen, 1971.

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Folder 3 Conference Manuscript: John L. Bannister, 1971.

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Folder 4 Conference Manuscript: George A. Bartholomew, 1971-1972.

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Folder 5 Conference Manuscript: Peter B. Best, 1971.

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Folder 6 Conference Manuscript: Douglas G. Chapman, 1971-1972.

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Folder 7 Conference Manuscript: William H. Dawbin, 1971.

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Folder 8 Conference Manuscript: Takeyuki Doi, 1971-1972.

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Folder 9 Conference Manuscript: William E. Evans, 1972.

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Folder 10 Conference Manuscript: Ray Gambell, 1971.

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Folder 11 Conference Manuscript: John A. Gulland, 1971-1972.

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Folder 12 Conference Manuscript: Mikhail V. Ivashin, 1971.

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Folder 13 Conference Manuscript: Age Jonsgaard, 1971.

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Folder 14 Conference Manuscript: J. L. McHugh, 1971-1972.

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Folder 15 Conference Manuscript: Scott McVay, 1971.

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Folder 16 Conference Manuscript: Edward D. Mitchell, Jr., 1971-1972.

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Folder 17 Conference Manuscript: Kenneth S. Norris, William E. Evans, and G. Carleton Ray, 1971-1972.

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Folder 18 Conference Manuscript: Hideo Omura and Seiji Ohsumi, 1971.

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Folder 19 Conference Manuscript: Dale W. Rice, 1971.

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Folder 20 Conference Manuscript: Alexei V. Yablokov, 1971.

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Folder 21 Preface to Published Conference Papers, ca. 1971.

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Folder 22 Conference Proposal to National Science Foundation, 1971.

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Folder 23 Correspondence with Observers, 1971.

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Box 8

Folder 1 Memoranda, 1972-1973.

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Folder 2 News Releases, 1971.

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Folder 3 Publication of Report, 1971-1972.

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Folder 4 Skyland Lodge, 1971.

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Folder 5 Transcript of Proceedings, pp. 1-181, 1971.

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Folder 6 Transcript of Proceedings, pp. 182-361, 1971.

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Folder 7 Working Group Reports, 1971.

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Series 6

NEWSLETTERS, 1968-1973. ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY.

This series consists of newsletters published by various groups comprising the United States International Biological Program.

Box 8

Folder 8 "The Biosphere," no. 7-10, 1970-1971.

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Folder 9 "IBP Aerobiology Newsletter," (incomplete), 1970-1973.

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Folder 10 "IBP Arid Lands Biome," no. 1, 1971.

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Folder 11 "IBP Coniferous Forest Biome," (incomplete), 1972-1973.

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Folder 12 "IBP Desert Biome," (incomplete), 1971-1972.

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Folder 13 "IBP Eastern Deciduous Forest Biome," (incomplete), 1972-1973.

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Folder 14 "IBP Grasslands Biome," (incomplete), 1971-1973.

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Folder 15 "IBP Human Adaptability," (incomplete), 1972-1973.

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Box 9

Folder 1 "IBP Inter-American News," (incomplete), 1968-1971.

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Folder 2 "IBP Tundra Biome," (incomplete), 1970-1973.

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Folder 3 "Inter-American Institute of Ecology," (incomplete), 1970-1971.

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Folder 4 "The Marine Mammal Newsletter," nos. 1-9, April 1971-August 1973.

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Folder 5 "Oceanic Alliance News," 1971.

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Folder 6 Miscellaneous Newsletters (related articles only), 1971.

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Series 7

REPORTS, 1967-1973. ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY.

This series consists of reports written primarily by various component groups of the United States International Biological Program, including the Marine Mammal Program and its Council and the Marine Mammal Working Group.

Box 9

Folder 7 "Administrative and Status Report of Marine Mammals," 1973.

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Folder 8 Aerobiology Program Report and Proceedings, 1971.

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Folder 9 Analyses of Ecosystems, U.S. Tundra Biome Program, 1970.

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Folder 10 Biogeocoenoses of the Tundra, 1971.

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Folder 11 Confidential Report to the Smithsonian Institution and to the Marine Mammal Council on the 24th Meeting of the Whaling Conference, 1972.

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Folder 12 Desert Biome: Reports of 1971 Progress, Central Studies, 1972.

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Folder 13 The IBP in Other Countries, 1968-1969.

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Folder 14 IBP Tropical Forest Biome: Analysis of Ecosystems Subprogram, 1970.

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Folder 15 IBP Updwelling Program, 1971.

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Folder 16 "Marine Mammal Report," by John J. Burns, volumes XII - XIII, 1972-1973.

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Folder 17 "Productivity and Conservation of Marine Mammals," by Marine Mammal Working Group, 1968.

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Folder 18 "Productivity of Marine Mammals of the Bering and Chukchi Seas," 1971.

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Folder 19 Prospects for the International Biological Program in Alaska: Rationale for the Designation of a Tundra and Taiga Center (Arctic and Subarctic Center) at the University of Alaska, 1967.

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Folder 20 Review of Ecological Research in Alaska Tundra Biome, US-IBP, 1970.

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Box 10

Folder 1 Standing Committee, Marine Mammals, 1970-1971, 51st Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists, 1971.

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Folder 2 The Structure and Function of the Tundra Ecosystems, 1971.

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Folder 3 Tundra Biome Research in Alaska: The Structure and Function of Cold-Dominated Ecosystems, 1970.

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Folder 4 U.S. Position, Agenda Item 25, 25th Session, International Whaling Commission, 1973.

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Folder 5 U.S. Tundra Biome Reports, 1970.

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Series 8

LEGISLATION, 1971-1973. ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY.

This series consists of copies of bills and resolutions introduced in the United States Congress and reports by Congressional committees concerning endangered mammal species and the Marine Mammal Protection Acts of 1971 and 1972.

Box 10

Folder 6 Federal Registers' Notes and Rules and Regulations Relating to Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, 1972-1973.

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Folder 7 Hearings on the International Moratorium of Ten Years on the Killing of All Species of Whales, 1971.

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Folder 8 House of Representatives Report on the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1971, 1971.

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Folder 9 Senate Committee on Commerce Report on the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, 1972.

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Folder 10 "Testimony Relating to the Status of Marine Mammals Under the Protection Act," presented to House Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation and the Environment by Judson E. Vandevere, 1972.

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Series 9

PUBLICATIONS, CLIPPINGS, AND MISCELLANY, 1967, 1971-1973 AND UNDATED. ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY.

This series consists of publications related to the general purpose of the International Biological Program (IBP), newspaper clippings discussing the whale problem, and other records concerning the IBP.

Box 10

Folder 11 Committee on Seals and Sealing Bibliographies, undated.

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Folder 12 Comparative Table of Draft Treaties, Working Papers and Draft Articles of the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floors Beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction, 1972.

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Folder 13 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, 1973.

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Folder 14 Newspaper clippings, 1971-1973

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Folder 15 1972 Conference on the Human Environment, 1972.

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Box 11

Folders 1-2 Publications: "IBP News," nos. 2-3, 9-11, 14-15, 17-21, 23-24, 1965-1970, 1972-1973.

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Folder 3 Publication: "JIBP Organization and Membership," 1972.

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Folder 4 Publication: "Man's Survival in a Changing World," no. 2, undated.

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Folder 5 Publication: "Proceedings of the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research," 1971.

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Folder 6 Publication: "Program Statement of the Subcommittee on Productivity of Marine Communities," 1967.

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Folder 7 Publication: "Symposium on The International Biological Program," 1967.

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Folder 8 Research Proposal Submitted to the National Science Foundation on "Effects of perturbations on cold-dominated ecosystems in Alaska" by George C. West and Jerry Brown, ca. 1969.

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Folder 9 Publication: "U.S. Participation in the International Biological Program," reports nos. 2; 3, parts 1 and 2; and 4, 1967-1968

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Folder 10 U.S. - U.S.S.R. Environmental Program, 1972-1973.

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