Field notes, 1871-1872

[[Front cover]]

[[series of calculations - each calculation transcribed separately]] 7° 7 W [[line]] 22. E 7 --- 15 195 180 ---- 375 275 195 ---- 470 ---- 110 88 44 1/6 11 11111 111 3)170 ---- 56 2/3 4 4 180 6 ---- 3 )140 ------ 46 2/3 10.0582 1523 ------ 10.2105 116 2/3 58 1/3 341 180 ---- 161 19 25 ---- 4)215 ----- 53 1/2 237 180 ---- 57 snow [[strikethrough] 1111 [[/strikethrough]] rain 111 wind [[strikethrough]] 11 [[/strikethrough]] 11 47.13 1/3 4636 2/3 ------- 9410 26 17 --- 9 10 17 --- 27 8 --- [[written upside down]] 115 10 ---- 4)1162 ----- 79 1/6 15 ---- 34 5 4 4 12 45 40 20 [[end page]] [[start page]] In both wires 20 meters = 19 1/2 40 " [[Ditto for: meters]] = 39 Lower wire 40 meters = 20 20 " [[Ditto for: meters]] = 10 10 " [[Ditto for: meters]] = 5 2 " [[Ditto for: meters]] = 1 Telemeter 30 - between both wires = 100 ft 60 ditto = 200 ft [[strikethrough]] 30 between lower wires = 200 ft [[/strikethrough]] [[strikethrough]] 60 " " lower wires = 400 ft [[/strikethrough]] [[strikethrough]] 15 between lower wires = 100 ft [[/strikethrough]] 5 between lower wires = 33 ft. 5 in. 10 do [[Ditto for: between lower wires]] = 66 ft. 10 in. or 20.25 on telemeter between both wires = 67.6

[[text written across both pages]] [[line]] Oct 24 1871 Cont.- A B Bailey's Δ 0 180 √ Rocky Pt. 41.33.40 221.33.40 Correction +10" S 9 1/2 W 41.33.40 221.33.40 " [[Ditto for: Correction]] +40" √ 41.33.20 221.33.40 " [[Ditto for: Correction]] +40" Highest Pt. Amaknak I. [[s.?]] Back sight on Priest Rock read 5 19 W √ 50.58 230.58.20 A 50.05 B 230.05 [[strikethrough]] Blunt B. c [[/strikethrough]] Audio of Signal [[Cian?]] [[strikethrough]] E [[/strikethrough]] W. 3 3/4 [[strikethrough]] N [[/strikethrough]] S l foot Observations from Spit Head Δ Ulahkta Δ 0 180 N 2 1/2 E (3 1/2) North Head 34.[[strikethrough]] 35 [[/strikethrough]]15 214.[[strikethrough]] 35 [[/strikethrough]]15 Cor. -2'.00" N 37 1/2 E √ 34.15.40 214.15.40 " [[Ditto for: Cor.]] 0 34.15.40 214.16 " [[Ditto for: Cor.]] 0 North End Middle Bluff N 50 E South End in line with Pinnacle Pinnacle 55.56.20 235.56.20 Cor. 0 N 59 E 55.56 235.56.20 " [[Ditto for: Cor.]] - 20"

[[Text is written across two pages]] [First number is vertical column A, second is B] Pinnacle 55..56.20 235..56.20 Cor. 20" [[strikethrough]] Pinnacle 55..56..20 235..56..20 [[/strikethrough]] Bailey's Δ 99..45 279..45..20 Cor. = +1'..20" S √ 77E 99..45..00 279..45..00 " = 20" 99..44..20 279..44' " = 40" -----------------"----------------- Bailey's 0 180 S 77 E Church 86..59 266..58..40 Cor = 00 S 10 1/4 W √ Rocky Pt. 97..04 277..04..20 Cor = 0. S 20 W 97..04..40 277..04..20 " = -10" 97..04 277..04 " = -40" --------------"--------------- Rocky Pt. 0 180 S 20 W √ Round Top 32..24 212..24 Cor +20" S 52 3/4 W 32..24 212..23..40 " 0 32..23..40 212..23..40 " 0 --------------"--------------- Round Top 0 180 S 52 1/2 W √ Pulpit Rock 102..44 282.44 Cor +20" N 25 W 102..43 282..43..20 " +20" 102..43 282..43..20 " +20" 102..43 282..43..20 " +20"

[[text across two pages]] A B Pulpit Rock 0 180 N25W Ulahkta Δ 28„04.40 208.05 Cor. +20" [[checkmark]] 28„04.40 208.05 " 0 28„04 208„04„2 " 0 Split Top Mt. N 30½ E Highest Pt. Amaknuk S S 27¼ W Center of Signal N 57½ W Distance ≥ 1 [[?]] Weather fine & clear - ther 45. Return from spithead to vessel at 230 just as rain comes on 29.44 —————————— Wednesday Oct.25.71 -- Observations from Δ K [[math equation]] 60/86 |143⅔ 60 ——— = 28 [[strikethrough]] 7 ft 4 in 260 240 286 ft 8 in ——— 200 180 ———— [[/math equation]] Edge of Bank bearing 86 between both wires N 34 E from ΔK Edge of Bank 71 between both wires N 13 West Vert. 12˚,,22' 30)71( 236 2/3 60 ----- 110 236.8 in 90 ---- 200

A B Δ A 0 180 N 36 1/2 E Δ B N 19 3/4 W 304..01 124..00..40 Δ C 289..26 109..25..40 N 34 1/2 W Rock off West Head N 37 1/2 W W. Bluff of Amaknak I. North N 29 1/2 W N End Chenoa I. N 41 W Δ East Strong wind, which will not admit of further observations. Morning clear & fine but with high wind. P.M.cloudy, 29.94. 45. [[end page]] [[start page]] 180 124.00.50 --------- 55.59.10 179 59 60 109.25.50 --------- 070.34.10 By telemeter 2 1/2 above line from bottom. lower wires 30)142.5 (475 5 120 ---- 225 210 ---- 475 150 2 150 ---- 950 ft

[[line]] Thursday Oct. 26, 1871 [[line]] From round hill S of mouth little [[har?]] N.E. Head in line with outer edge of spithead & two principal bluffs or points of middle Amaknak. Observation from Δ East, Δ West - by telemeter 97 between lower wires N 83 3/4 W [[math equation on right of page]] 30)97 (323 1/3 90 -- 70 646 2/3 60 -- 100 646 ft 8 in 90 -- 10 [[/math equation]] Hill opposite E 3 N Crest of Split Top Mt. N 32 1/4 E ∆ K 25 above hinge from below - lower wires. 15)165(1100 N 56 3/4 E 1100ft Highest Pt. S. Head [[Sudhac?]] Bay N 51 1/2 E Middle Pt. Sanu Ridge South N 60 3/4 E Highest Pt. S. End of Ridge N 71 E. [[End Page]] [[Start Page]] [[image - pencil drawing of contour map, possibly of Spithead and southern Amaknak island. Two Δ are marked on the map.]]

Pyramid Mt. Highest Pt. S 31 1/4 E East Knob, S of Little I, on Amakhak S 9 1/2 W Middle do. (Highest Pt, Amaknak S.) S 49 1/2 W West do. S 62 W ∆I 17 above hinge from bottom, lower wires. S. 80 E [[Overwritten]] W [[/Overwritten]] Beach High water mark (N W of K ) bears N 45 1/4 E Bluff on N. Side Entrance N 45 [[Overwritten]] 6 [[/Overwritten]] 3/4 E 45 3/4 First Bluff S E ∆ I. Reads on telemeter 60 above hinge from below between lower wires. S 68 1/2 E Rock (S End) on N.E. Pt. Amaknak S, between lower wires corresponds with hinge & [[strikethrough]] upper [[/strikethrough]] both wires 5 short of the top. S 34 3/4 E. [[End Page]] [[Start Page]] 30)157 (533 1/3 150 -- 70 1067 ft 4 in 60 -- 100 30)200 (666 2/3 180 -- 200 180 1333 ft 4 in 200 180 -- 20 30)275 (916 1/3 270 -- 50 30 1833.4in -- 200 180 --

∆ H 85 above hinge from bottom between both wires S 12 E 750 ft [[strikethrough]] 883 ft 4 in [[/strikethrough]] ∆ G 77 above hinge from below between both wires. S 45 W 723 ft 4 in 1 Ledge off small I. 37 between both wires. 123 ft 4 in S, 13 W 2 Ledge off Small I. (another) 67 between both wires S 36 W 223 ft 4 in 3 Eastern Pt Small I (Rocks) 29 between both wires S 75 E Vert 8º..06' 93 ft 8 in 4 Rock 36 between both wires N 15 1/2 W Vert. 6º..37 120 ft N. Pt. Small I. 140 between both wires N 44 1/2 W 466 ft 8 in 5 Obs. across I. from preciding 53 between lower wires. N 17 E theodolite about 30 ft north of south shore line. [[end page]] [[start page]] [[image - Drawing with numbered points referring to measurements, overwritten in places by math equations]] [[calculations]] 30)225(750 ft 4 in 210 --- 150 150 --- 30)217(723 ft 4 in 210 --- 70 60 --- 100 90 --- 10 30)37(123 ft 4 in 30 --- 70 60 --- 100 30)67(223 ft 4 in 30 --- 70 60 --- 100 30)290(93 ft ft 8 in 270 --- 200 180 --- 20 3)36(120 3)140(466.8 in 12 --- 20 18 --- 20 18 3)53(176 2/3 3 --- 23 21 --- 20 18 --- 353.4 in 30 ----- 383.4 in width of Small Id [[/calculations]]

Obs. from Δ West Same Pt as before 112 between both wires: [[fertable??]] distance to be added about 10 ft 383 ft 4 in N. 54 1/2 E Vert. 4°. Tops of trees on [[strikethrough]] middle [[/strikethrough]] north Amaknak N 2 W Rock (Separate from small I at High water) 88 between both wires N 1 1/2 E 293 ft 4 in Δ D 65 above hinge from bottom between lower wires. N 1/2 E 1366 ft 8 in. Bluff between D & E 35 above hinge between lower wires About N 18 1/2 W 1166 ft 8 in Δ E 75 above hinge from below between both wires N 51 1/4 W [[strikethrough]] 1423 ft 4 in [[/strikethrough]] 716 " [[ditto for: ft]] 8 " [[ditto for: in]] Rocks at end of Beach. 87. between both wires above hinge from below N 71 W 756 ft 8 in [[end page]] [[start page]] [[calculations]] 30)112(373 1/3 + 10 = 383 ft 4 in 90 --- 220 210 --- 100 90 --- 30)88(293 1/3 60 --- 280 270 --- 100 30)205(683. 1/3 180 --- 250 240 1369 ft 8 in --- 100 30)175(583 1/3 150 --- 250 240 1169 ft 8 in --- 100 30)215(716 2/3 210 --- 50 30 [[strikethrough]] 1433.4 in [[/strikethrough]] --- 200 716.8 in 30)227(756 2/3 210 --- 170 150 --- 200 180 --- 20 [[/calculations]]

S. end of beach 22 above hinge from below between lower wires. 1080 feet S 66 3/4 W Δ F 77 above hinge from below between both wires S 46 1/4 W 723 ft. 4 in Δ G 42' above hinge from below between both wires S 14 1/2 E 606 ft 4 in Rain comes on and prevents further observations. Ther. 45.5 Bar. 29.784 Morning obs for time but clouds in P.M. prevent equal altitudes being taken. Rain & wind from NW. -----Friday Oct 27----- Heavy snowstorm all day 29.504 There. 42.5 NW wind -----Saturday Oct. 28----- Rain & squalls of snow N.W. 29.872 Ther. 40. -----Sunday. Oct. 29----- High wind with showers of rain. Ther 42. Bar. 29.888. S. [[end page]] [[start page]] 30)162(540 150 --- 120 120 --- 30)217(723 1/3 210 --- 70 60 --- 100 30)182(606 2/3 180 --- 200 180 --- 20

Oct. 30. Monday [[line]] Observations from S. Point Amaknak South Δ [[D?]] A B Δ H 0 180 Telemeter 85 between both wires, N 59 1/4 W Back sight to edge bank S 59 1/4 E 13 between both wires Δ West 9..26 189..25..40 N 49 1/2 W Δ West 0 180 N 49 3/4 W Δ I 264 between both wires N 39 3/4 E Correction 0 Edge of bank at X N 63 1/4 E 253 between both wires. Edge of bank at XX 235 between both wires. N 83 1/2 E. Correction -20" ? [[end page]] [[start page]] [[image - drawing of landscape with features marked with Δ I, x, xx and xxx]] These cross stations were about 10 ft from waters edge

[[image - pencil sketch of cuttle fish drawn across both pages and into the text on the first page]] A B Δ K 67..15..20 247..15..40 N 17 1/2 E Edge of bank at XXX 184 between lower wires. S 77 1/2 E corr. -20" 24..17..40 [[strikethrough]] 29..17 [[/strikethrough]] ΔD 204..17..20 N 25 1/2 W Edge of bank at XXXX. 297 between lower wires. S 60 E. Correction 0 Δ East 21..43..40 201..44 N 28 W 21..44..40 201..44..20 Correction +20" ? [[strikethrough]] W [[/strikethrough]] W Bluff Amaknak N N 22 1/2 W Δ C N 10 W 39..51..20 219..51..20 Δ B 47..45..40 227..46 N 2 W Δ C 39..51..40 219..51..20 Corr. + 40 " Eastern Rock at S. Pt Amaknak S 5 W 234..32 54..32 [[end page]] [[start page]] [[calculations written over drawing on page]] 43.50 44.30 ----- 44.10

A B Δ East 21..43..20 201..43..40 N 28 W 150 between lower wires Observations from Eastern-most Rock off S. End Amaknak A-------------B [[strikethrough]] Western Rock do. [[/strikethrough]] Δ L 0 180 N 4 1/2 E N 4 1/4 E Middle of West Rock off S. End Amaknak I. By telemeter 212 between both wires. N 74 W 282..38 102..37..40 correction +20" N End Bluff opposite Amaknak West. N 65 W S End Amaknak I (Bluff) 155 between the lower wires N 36 3/4 W Δ K 3..26..20 183..26..20 N [[strikethrough]] 9 3/4 [[/strike through]] 7 3/4 E Δ I 5..46..40 185..46..40 [[strikethrough]] N 2 3/4 E [[/strikethrough]] N 10 E [[end page]] [[start page]] 179 59 60 102.37.30 --------- 77.22.30 [[Image - small landscape drawing with Δ marked on feature]] [[image caption:]] Amaknak S.

Highest Pt. Amaknak S N 21 W Crest of Split top N 27 1/2 E Day fair but high wind in latter part of AM. & rain late in P.M. Ther. 47. Bar. 29.850. Wind S. [[horizontal line]] October 31st. Tuesday. Heavy snow storm with squalls from the S. Ther. 45 Bar. 29.300 [[line]] November 1. 1871 [[line]] Wednesday Ther. 34. Bar. 29.580. Wind S W Heavy snow fall [[line]] November 2. Thursday Ther. 32 Bar. 29.844 Wind 0. Snow falling at intervals all day, very heavily in P.M. [[line]] Nov. 3rd Friday [[line]] Heavy snowstorm Bar. 28.762 Ther. 35. min 31. Wind squally fm NE. Test Thermometers From 32 to 48 in the water they appeared to agree above that [[end page]] [[start page]] Parallel readings. Fahr. In water [[two columns:]] Ship Ther Standard ✓ 32º. 32º. ✓ 32º. 1/2 32. 1/2 ✓ 45º. 45.º ✓ 45.1/2 45.1/2 ✓ 44.1/2 44.1/2 ✓ 38.º 38.º ✓ 37.1/2 37.1/2 ✓ 37.º 37.º ✓ 41.º 41.º ✓ 41.1/2 41.1/2. ✓ 47.1/2 47.1/2 ✓ 48º 48º ✓ 49. 1/4 49. ✓ 59. 1/4 59. 59. 3/4 59.1/2 60 59. 1/2

the ships therm. read from 1/4 to 1/2 a degree too high. In the air the difference appeared greater. The ships therm read half a degree higher between 32 & 60 but the difficulty of placing two thermometers one with a metallic case & one without, under the same conditions in the draughts & currents of air on board ship lead me to place more reliance on the test by water. Clean instruments. [[line]] Nov. 4 Saturday [[line]] Gale from SW & snowstorm Bar. 29.170. Ther. 30. 28 min [[line]] Sunday Nov. 5 [[line]] Day cloudy squally & snowy. Bar. 29.986 Ther. 32 min 28, SW [[line]] Monday Nov. 6 [[line]] Day squally with rain. Bar. 30.076 Ther. 34. min 28. SE. [[end page]] [[start page]] Parallel readings of thermometers Ships Standard 57° 1/4 57 57 1/4 57 57 56 3/4 In air. 58 1/2 58 1/4 57 56 1/2 59 58 1/2 34 1/2 34 32 1/2 32 Note { In air outdoors reads even with the standard nearly

[[text written across both pages, including across drawing on right hand page]] Tuesday Nov. 7. 1871 Obs. from Δ West. Theod. directly over signal Vern A. Vern B A. 0 180 √ N. 52. 3/4 East 0 180 √ √ N. 52. 5/8 " 0 180 √ N. 52. 5/8 " 0 180 Gable 8.04.40 188.05.0 Corr. -40" N. 60 3/4 E 8.05 188.05.0 √ √N. 60 5/8 E 8.05 188.05.0 Corr. 0 N. Head 1.44. 181.44. Cor. 0. √ 54 1/4 E 1.44.20 181.44.20 " +20" W. End spit 6.0.40 1 86.0.40 corr. 0 √ N. 58 3/4 E √ 6.1.1 1 86.1.0 " 0 W. Rock of reef. 9.38.20 189.38.20 [[strikthrough]]corr +2'[[/strikethrough] √ Middle 62 1/2 E 9.40.40 189.40.40 Both correct no point to right on √ N 62 3/8 E X √ N Bluff S of creek in same line or small [[rks?]] off fort 10 ft. of bluff K 18.11.40 198.12.0 √ N. 70 3/4 E √ 18.13.0 198.13.0 corr +1' √ N 70 1/2 E 18.12.40 198.12.40 corr. +40" √ 1.5.82E. 45.26.20 225.26.40 Corr. 0. √ 45.26.40 225.27. Corr. 0 45.26.40 225.26.20 [[end page]] [[start page]] [[image - drawing of landscape, no caption. Features of image are marked with small squares and Δ]]

A B [[a curved line in the left margin over the following four lines]] Δ A 0 180 HΔ S 48 1/2 E√ Corr. 0 79..11..20 259..11..20 √ " +10 79..11..20 259..11..40 " 0 79..11..20 259..11..20 [[a curved line in the left margin over the following four lines]] I Δ S 81 3/4 E√ 0 180 G. √S 14 1/2 E Corr. -20 67..17..20 247..17..40 √ √ S 14 1/2 E " -10 67..17..20 247..17..40 " -10 67..17..20 247..17..40 [[a curved line in the left margin over the following ten lines]] T. 0 180 F. √ S.47 1/4 W. 61.52.40 241.53.0 Corr. 0 √ 61.52.40 241.53.0 " 0 61.53.0 241.53.20 " +20 E √ N. 51 1/8 W 143.24.0 323.24.0 " +20 143.24.0 323.24.0 " 0 √ 143.24.20 323.24.20 +20 D. N 1/2 E √ 194.59.20 14.59.0 " 0 194.59.20 14.59.0 0 √ 194.59.20 14.59.0 0 [[a curved line in the left margin over the following seven lines]] D. 0 180. N. 3/4 E √ Cor A. 52.14.20 232.14.20 0 52.14.0 232.14.20 -10 √ 52.13.20 232.13.40 -40 Trees N 1 3/4 E √ 2.13.0 182.13.0 Round Top. N. 5 √1/2 E. 4.40.40 184.40.40 [[end page]] [[start page]] Δ East S. 83 1/2 E √ [[a left brace encloses the following five lines and points at line three of the first page section beginning I Δ]] From Δ A to A B Δ L [[strikethrough]] 76[[/strikethrough]] 76,,54,,40 256..55..00 √ √ S. 50 3/8 E corr. 0 76..55..20 256..55..40 Corr +20" 76..55..20 256..55..40 [[a left brace encloses encloses the following eight lines and points at line seven of the first page section beginning with T]] Round Top 0 180 N5E Δ A 47..23..20 227..23..40 √ N 52 5/8 E √ Corr +10" Corr 0 √ 47..23..20 227..23..20 N 52 3/4 E √ 47..23..20 227..23..40 Corr. 0 Corr 0 47..23..20 227..23..20 Δ A 0 180 Δ G Cor. 30" 112..47 292..47 √ 40" 112..47..40 292..48 S. crest Amaknak N. (N.5 1/4 W) X √

A. Vernier B D 0 180 C √ N. 15 3/4 E.√ 15.09. 195.09.0 Cor. 0. B. √ 22.58 202.58 Cor. 0. N. 23 1/4 W √ A. √ 52.13.40 232.14.0 -40 [[left parenthesis in left column on next four lines]] B. 23 1/2 E √ 0 180 A. 29.16.40√ 209.16.40 corr.0 52 1/2 √E 29.17.0 √ 209.16.40 Corr 0 29.17.0 √ 209.16.40 " 0 Δ East 83 3/4 E √ 0 180 G [[??]] E 69.16 249.16.20 Corr 0 √ 69.16 249.16.20 " 0 69.16 249.16.20 " -20 [[strikethrough]] ΔD [[/strikethrough]] Δ D N 1/2 E √ 0 180 Δ East 95..44..40 275..44..20 Corr 0 95..45 275..45..20 " +20 √ 95..44 275..44..20 " 0 [[strikethrough]]-20[[/strikethrough]] 95..43 40 275..44 " 0 95..44 20 275..44..20 √ Edge of B and C N 83 3/4 W X 150 to edge of bank. Probably 15 ft, run to water's edge [[end page]] [[start page]] Split Top N.33 E. X √

North edge of Flat on Amaknak South bears N 83 1/2 W (middle) SE end of Flat bears S 66 W End of slope SW corner in one with rocks off west head of Captain's Harbor bears S 79 W Rocks off East head Western Inlet bear S 84 1/2 W Bluff S. side Makushin valley bears N 80 W Day clear & calm. Therm. 38 min 28. Bar 30.048 Spend nearly all day taking the above angles and essay azimuth from Polaris in evening. result 20.38. not very satisfactory from the imperfect nature of the instruments. Harrington = alt. in AM & Hall ----- November 8. Wednesday ----- Observations from Δ East Δ [[West?]] N √ 83 5/8 W o o 180 Δ E N 66 1/2 √ W Corr +40".70"03"40 197"03"40 √ " [[Ditto for: Corr]] ? 1'.17"03"20 197"03"00 " [[Ditto for: Corr]] 0.17"02"40 " [[Ditto for: Corr]] 0.17"02"20 197"02"40 [[end page]] [[start page]] [[blank page]]

A Verniers B ΔE Cont. Corr. 0 √ 17..02..40 197..22..40 Δ D N24 3/8 W Corr. -1'..20".?59..49..20 239..49..40 √ " 0 59..19..40 239..19..40 √ " 0 59..19..20 239..19..20 " -40" 59..19 239..19 [[left margin includes a brace for the following five lines]] Δ E 0 180 Δ D corr 0 42..17 222..17 ΔC N 2 1/8 W " -1"..20" 64..26..40 244..27 √ " +40" 64..28 244..28..20 " +0 64..27..40 244..28 [[Left margin includes a brace for the following nine lines]] Δ D N24 1/4 W 0 180 Δ C √ corr. 0 22..11 202..11 Δ B N08 E √ " -20 32..22 212..22 " -1' 32..21..40 212..21..40 " 0 32..23 212..23 √ Δ A N 44 E√ " 0 68..23 248..23 " -10 68..22..40 248..23 " 0 68..23 248..23 Δ C 0 180 Δ B corr. 0 10..11 190..11 Δ B 0 180 Δ A √ " +0?" 36..00..00 216..00..20" " +20" 36..01 216..00..40" " 0 36..00..40 216..00..20 [[end page]] [[start page]] [[blank page]]

S. End Crest Amaknak N. bears N 7 7/8 W Crest of Split Top. N 32 E End of Bluff, S. of creek, water's edge N 44 7/8 E N. Head, Bluff. N 45 5/8 E A B Δ A 0 180 Δ K N 56 1/4 E√ Corr +40" 12..14..40 192..14..40 ?0 " [[Ditto for: Corr]] +20 12..14..40 192..14..40 √ " [[Ditto for: Corr]] [[strikethrough]] 0 [[/strikethrough]] +10 12..14..40 192..15 Δ K [[strikethrough]] S80 1/2 E [[/strikethrough]] 0 180 Δ II S 80√1/2 E Corr. +20" 43..19..00 223..19..30 √ " [[Ditto for: Corr]] +20 43..19 223..19..20 " [[Ditto for: Corr]] -40 43..18..20 223..18..40 Δ A 0 180 Δ I √ Corr 0 55..33..20 235..33..20 Δ A√ N 44 1/4 E 0 180 Δ L√ S 28 1/2 E Corr +20 107..24..40 287..25 " [[Ditto for: Corr]] 0 107..25 287..25..20 √ " [[Ditto for: Corr]] 0 107..25 287..25 [[end page]] [[start page]] [[blank page]]

A B [[A brace is written in the left margin across the following seven lines]] Δ I 0 180 Δ L √ corr -20" 51..51..20 231..51 " -20" 51..51 231..51 √ " 0 51..51..20 231..51..20 Δ H √ S 12 1/8 E. Corr. 0 63..13 243..13..20 " -20" 63..12..40 243..13 " 0 63..12..40 243..13 Δ K 0 180 Δ H √ Corr -40" 106..31..00 286..31..20 √ [[A brace is written in the left margin down the following eleven lines]] Δ L 0 180 Δ H * 11..38..40 *191..39 Corr 0 11..21..20 191..21..20 " +20" 11..21..40 191..21..40 Δ G S 45 W √ Corr 0 73..17..40 253..18 " -20 73..18 253..18..20 √ " -40 73..18 253..18..20 Δ F S 70 3/4 W√ " +10" 99..10..40 279..11 " 0 99..10..40 279..11 √ " +[[strikethrough]]20"[[/strikethrough]]40 99..10..40 279..11 " 0 99..10..40 279..10..40 Δ H 0 180 Δ G √ Corr 0 61..57..20 241..57..40 [[end page]] [[start page]] [[blank page]]

[[non-lined table with 5 columns]] [[new row]] Δ G [[2 blank columns]] 0 180 [[new row]] Δ F √ corr 0 25..52..40 205..52..40 [[new row]] [[3 blank columns]] [[strikethrough]] 0 180[[/strikethrough]] [[new row]] Δ F [[2 blank columns]] 0 180 [[new row]] Δ E [[1 blank column]] [[corr]] 0 42..45..20 222.45.40 [[new row]] [[2 blank columns]]√ " [[ditto for: corr]] +20 42..44..40 222..45 [[new row]] [[1 blank column]] -0 42..45..20 222..45..40 [[end table]] Top Amaknak S. S 49 1/2 W Middle crest of Pyramid S 31 1/4 E End Rocks off E Point Amaknak South near [[?]] S 35 E Split Top N 32 1/8 E Day clear, fine & calm. Ther. 38. Min 24. Bar. 30.448. A coat of ice over inner harbor from one half to one inch thick does not melt during day. All day taking angles put oil in tide guage. -----Thursday Nov. 9----- Clear & fine. Spend the greater part of the day taking observations for equal altitudes, recording for Harrington visit tide guage. Ther. 38, Min 30. Bar. 30.172. Wind light fm S.E. Lt aurora in P.M. [[end page]] [[start page]] [[blank page]]

[[line]] Friday. Nov. 10. 1871 [[line]] Day clear & fine wind S E light Bar [[superscript]] [[double underlined]] 30 [[/superscript]] [[/double underlined]] .698 Ther. 54. min 33. Spend a good part of AM in breaking a road to the tide guage through the ice. P.M. observations for magnetic variation on spit [[line]] Saturday Nov. 11 [[line]] From N End needle S. End do ΔC North Magnetic Mag S, vernier A 0 Vernier B 180 Cross on Greek Church bearing S end 60 3/8 E N. End same. Reading Vernier A 119..38..40 Vernier B. 299..39. Second Reading, Bearing 60 1/4 E of S Vernier A 119..38 B 299..38..20 Third Reading, Bearing 60 1/4 E of [[S?]] N. E of same. Vernier A. 119..36..20, B. 299..36..40 Magnetic N. A 359..48 179..48 " [[Ditto for: Magnetic]] A 359..53 179..53 20 + B Magn. North 0 180 N & S Ends of needle read alike Cross on Greek Ch. 119..44 299..44..20 S 60 1/4 E & N 60 1/4 W Mag. N 4'..28" 180..04'.20" Mag. N. 0 180 N & S Ends of needle alike. Cross on Greek Ch. 119..48..40 299..48..40 S 60 1/4 E . N 60 1/4 W [[end page]] [[start page]] [[blank page]]

A B Cron Cont. 119..47..40 299..48 S 60 1/4 E N 60 1/4 W 119..48..20 299..48..40 Mag. N. 4'..40" 180..05' from C [[+?]] Rocks X on Telemeter 73 between both wires N 63 3/4 W Vert. 6° 20' Rocks XX N 7 3 1/8 W 70 1/2 above Line between line in wires (215°) Test of telemeter A distance of 33 ft 5 in from plumb bob. Just covers a [[space?]] [[of?]] 5 between lower wires. 66 ft 10 in distance included ten between lower wires and 20.25/100 between both Day clear & fine with few clouds & a moderate S.E. breeze. Ther. 42, min. 35. Bar. 30.368. Tide guage running well. [[line]] Sunday Nov. 12 1871 [[line]] Day cloudy wind moderate SE. Therm. 45-35 Barometer 30.046. [[line]] Monday Nov 13 [[line]] Day cloudy with some rain & snow Bar. 30.050. Therm. 47. Min. 35. Wind Light S.E. P.M. take bearings of base line [[end page]] [[start page]] [[image - drawing of landscape with some features marked xx, x and C]]

[[line]] Tuesday Nov 14. [[line]] Bar. 30.050. Ther. 40. Min 34. Cloudy, fair. Wind light E. Observations from Δ. Spithead Δ Ulahkta N. 3 1/2 E (telescope direct) N 3 7/16 E (telescope reversed) N 3 7/16 E ( " [[ditto for: telescope]] direct) Telescope reversed on Bendel's Warehouse from the same as above Observations from Δ Round Top. Plumbbob N 51 1/2 E from Center of Station, Distance 20 in A B Δ Ulahkta 180 0 N 27 3/8 E√ N. Head 193..38,,40 13..39 N 41 1/8 E Δ Ulahkta √ 180 0 N 27 1/2 E N. Head Corr + 20" 193..39 13..39..20 N 41 1/8 E " [[ditto for: corr]] √0 193..39 13..39 Δ Ulahkta 180 0 Δ Rocky Point√ 254..06..20 74..06 Corr. 0 [[end page]] [[start page]] 45 12 16)60 (3.7 6 48 --- -- 16)720 120 64 112 --- --- 80 80 80 3.45 7 ----- 31[[2 overwritten by 1]]5 26.1[[5? 6?]] [[strikethrough]] 3.30 3.03.45 3.03 [[/strikethrough]] 3.30 3.26.15 3.26.15 ------- 3)10.22.30 -------- 3.27.45 49.00 -------- 22.15 31)20.25(67.5 18 -- 72 71 -- 15

A B Δ Rocky Pt. Cont. Corr.+20 254..06..40 74..06..40 S 78 1/2 E " 0 254 07 74..06..40 S 78 5/8 E √ Crest of Split Top Mt. corr 0 191..45..40 11..45..40 N 39 1/4 E √ N. End Middle Bluff cor. -20 203..39..20 23..39..40 N 51 1/8 E √ Pinnacle N 47 1/4 E Corr. -20" 209..44..20 29..44 ? 209..44 29..44..20 √ " +1..20 209..45 29..45..20 0 209..44..20 29..44..40 Bailey's Δ Corr +10 228..07 48..07..20 N 75 1/2 E √ " 0 228..07 48..07..20 " +40 228..07..40 48..08 Spithead Δ " +40 205..17..40 25..18 N 52 3/4 E √ " -20 205..17..40 25..17..40 " -40 205..17 25..17..20 Spithead Δ 180 0 N 52 3/4 E √ Rocky Pt. Δ Corr. +40 228..49 48..49 [[strikeout]] N 81 3/8 E [[/strikeout]] " [[ditto for: corr.]] -20 228..49 48..49 S 78 1/2 E √ " +20 228..48..40 48..49 [[end page]] [[start page]] [[blank page]]

A B Δ Rocky Pt. 180 0 S 78 1/2 E Δ D Corr 0 265..26..20 85..26..20 S 7 W " +20 265..26..20 85..26..40 S 7 W ' +20 265,,26,,40 85,,26,,20 Crest of Pyramid 237..28..20 57..28 S 21 E Crest Amaknak S. 268..05 88..04..40 S 9 3/4 W S End Hog Island 341..05 161..05..20 S 82 W N.End Hog I. 18..40 198..40 N 60 W Beach off SE Bluff Amaknak N N 52 1/2 W 26..02..20 206..02..40 Pulpit Rock Δ N 22 E 100°..30 280..30 Ulahkta Δ corr 20" 105..54 285..54 Rocky Point Δ [[strikethrough]] Corr. [[/strikethrough]] 180 0 Pulpit Rock Δ Corr 0 100..30 280..30 [[end page]] [[start page]] [[blank page]]

Pulpit R. cont.? ^ [[insertion]] cor. 0 [[/insertion]] 100..30 280..30 N 22 E Close up & return to vessel at 2 P.M. ----- Wednesday Nov. 15 ----- Bar. 29.932. Therm. 34 Min 29. Calm. Cloudy. Light (1/2 in) ice in inner harbor. rains most of day. ----- Thursday Nov. 16 ----- Bar. 29.778. Therm. 32. Min 31. Sky cloudy snowing lightly. Calm. Rains & snows during day. P.M. NW breeze. ----- Friday Nov. 17 ----- Bar. 29.586. Ther. 32. Min 29. Snowing hard calm. ----- Saturday Nov. 18 ----- Bar. 29.056 [[insertion]] 250 [[/insertion]] Ther 40. Min 29. Rain & hard squalls from N.E. ----- Sunday Nov. 19 ----- Bar. 28.978. Ther. 40. Min 35. Rain and light N W Wind. ----- Monday Nov. 20. ----- Bar. 28.658 [[insertion]] 678 [[/insertion]]. Ther. 40. Min 35. Strong steady northerly wind with very high tide long continues N. N. W. ---- Tuesday Nov 21 ---- Bar 29.272 Ther 39 [[insertion]] 38 [[/insertion]] Min 35 [[insertion]] 37 [[/insertion]] Lt. S.E. Observations from Spithead Center of signal S 85 1/2 W for Theod. 29 in. from Plumbob [[end page]] [[start page]] [[image - pencil drawing of hill with geographic features. Two spots on drawing are labelled K and I]]

to center of signal A B Ulahkta 27°.. 54" 2[[overwritten]] 2 [[/overwritten]]07..54 (spit head) Center 0 Sig. 299.. .48 149 .. 48 (N 85 W) Day half cloudy, windy toward noon P.M. calmer. ________ Wednesday Nov. 22 ___________ Bar. 30.058. Therm. 37. min 36, wind SW in Early morning changes to NW with snow about 9 A.M. Pm fairer Go to spit head to take angles but am delayed & finally interrupted by heavy snow squalls. Evening Calm, moon shining few clouds. Later heavy snow fall. ________ Thursday Nov.23 ____________ Bar. 30.630. Wind very light NW. Ther 33 min 28. Cloudy, spend day taking angles from Spithead & Round Top ________ Friday Nov. 24 ___________ Bar. 30.550 Ther. 39. min 28. Wind light SE. Thin ice over the whole of small harbor. Spend day at Ulakhta station taking angles _______ Saturday Nov. 25 __________ Bar. 30. 456. wind light Easterly. Ther 39. min 22. Morning blows too hard to work P.M. angles from Round Top. _______ Sunday Nov. 26 ___________ [[circled]] 122 [[/circled]] Bar. 30.162. Ther. 41.5. min. 38. wind fresh, E. [[end page]] [[start page]] [[blank page]]

[[line]] Monday Nov. 27. 71 [[line]] Bar. 30.036. Ther. 42. min. 38. [[circled]] 40 [[/circled]] Wind light SE. Foggy with various degrees of density all day. [[line]] Tuesday Nov. 28. [[/line]] Bar.30. 036. Ther. 40.min. 38. Wind light NE. Go to Baileys ∆ & take angles. The signal is forty feet above the beach about thirty feet in from high water mark and with a single cluster of black rocks in line with Spithead Station N 77 1/2 W. Heavy surf coming in from NW capsizes boat when endeavoring to launch her; store boat wet instruments and everything. walk back to village as we cannot get off on account of the surf and rocky beach. [[line]] Wednesday Nov. 29 [[line]] Bar.30. 136. Ther. 36.min. 35. Wind squally from SE with snow flurries occasionally. [[line]] Thursday Nov. 30 [[line]] In line between Ulakhta signal & Pinnacle at top of beach telemeter reads between both wires 22. Beach of Ulakhta Harbor, in line with Pulpit Rock and Ulakhta signal, telemeter reads 46 between both wires. [[end page]] [[start page]] [[blank page]]

angles at Ulakhta from 10 AM to 2 P.M. Bar. 30.366. [[circled]] 389 [[/circled]] Ther. 35. Min 33. Calm & cloudy in AM. Clears off bright at noon with NW breeze cloud again in P.M. [[line]] Friday Dec. 1. 1871 [[line]] At the distance of 20 meters from the telescope both wires of the reticule cover a space of 19 1/2 on the telemeter; at 40 meters, 39. The lower at the distance of 40 meters subtend a span of 20 places on the staff. Angles at Rocky Point in A.M. P.M. correct adjustments of theodolite and test telemeter. Bar. 30.386. [[circled]] 396 [[/circled]] Ther. 31. min. 25. morning calm followed by breeze from NW rather strong in Puffs. cloudy. [[line]] Saturday Dec. 2. [[line]] Bar. 30.286. min 33. [[circled]] 29 [[/circled]] Ther. 37. [[circled]] 35 [[/circled]] Puffy wind from NW with successive snow squalls all day turning into rain in P.M [[line]] Sunday Dec 3 [[line]] Bar. 30.178. Ther. 31.5. [[circled]] 30.5 [[/circled]] min 29. strong NW wind sky cloudy [[line]] Monday Dec 4 [[line]] Bar. 29.736. Ther. 29. min 27. Breeze from W. Sky half cloudy. In line with east end of Bendel's at high water mark on telemeter, 20 between both wires In line with ∆ Roundtop, 22 1/2 between lower wires. [[end page]] [[start page]] [[blank page]]

Farthest Point of spit, 48 between lower wires, bearing S 82 W In line with ∆ Pulpit 41 between lower wires. In line with ∆ Baileys, 6 between lower wires Spend morning taking angles from Spithead completing the series. P.M. wind too high to admit of work. ----- Tuesday Dec. 5, 1871 ----- Bar. 29.312 Ther. 30.5 min. 27. Wind fresh NE at 11 A.M. snows hard from 9.30 A.M. to 11 take angles from Rocky Pt. ∆ Snows all the rest of the day & evening. ----- Wednesday Dec. 6. ----- Bar. 29.050. Ther. 31 min. 25. N Gale with snow from North all day ----- Thursday Dec. 7 ------ Gale continues. [[insertion]] snow. wind from N W to SW [[/insertion]] bar. 29.00 Ther. 23. [[insertion]] 23.5 [[/insertion]] min. 21 Visit tide gauge which could not be done yesterday and find it had stopped about five minutes after we left it Tuesday from a piece of the pencil getting between the rollers. ----- Friday Dec. 8 ----- Bar. 28.988. Ther. 24 min 20. Winds light SE with light snow P.M. very heavy snowfall. ----- Saturday Dec. 9 ----- Bar. 28.943. Ther. 32 min 22. Wind fresh [[end page]] [[start page]] [[blank page]]

SW. about 8 inches of snow fell last night. At 10 minutes (meantime) of 2 P.M. the bench mark was 54 inches above the height of the water which read on the staff 8.45. carefully measured. [[line]] Sunday Dec 10 [[line]] Calm w light SE breeze cloudy & a little snow. Bar. 29.046 [[inserted]].064[/inserted]] Ther. 33. 30. [[line]]Monday Dec. 11 Ther. 30 to 45 - min 27- Bar. 29.2 [[strikethrough]] 7 [[/strikethrough]]64 Wind very light from SW. Sky in am perfectly clear and in P.M. only very light clouds. Spend day taking angles at Pulpit & Rocky Point P.M. quite cold. Small harbor freezes over again. About midnight NE breeze. [[line]] Tuesday Dec 12, 1871 [[line]] Bar. 29.070. Ther. 35.5. Min 27. Wind has cleared away all the ice, and is blowing hard from NW with rain & snow. [[vertical line in left margin starts here and extends to just below sentence that begins with words "Coast Amaknak ..."]] Mem. from book of angles Dec. 11. From Pulpit. General trend of shore toward Gull Rock, N27E End of bluff bears N30E Split Top N.46E Coast Amaknak S.16 1/4 W Went to tide guage at 2.15 a very high tide found that the water [[end page]] [[start page]] [[blank page]]

stood at 9.5 on the staff taking the mean between the wavelets. It had been a little higher but owing to the warping of the paper by damp the pencil had been prevented from reaching its maximum By carefully examining the snow in a quiet place, which came to the waters edge and allowing for the rise and fall of the ripples I came to the conclusion that it had been about a tenth of a foot higher which would bring it to the limit of the paper, or 9.6 _ Go off to gauge again about half past eleven P.M. and find the water down to 3.525 on the staff with about a foot to spare on the paper. The water rose [[strikethrough]] fell a little [[/strikethrough]] after this. Bar. 29.086 [[line]] Wednesday Dec. 13, 1871 [[line]] Bar. 29.210 Ther. 32.5 min. 31. Wind lt S. Cloudy with snow. High tide again. P.M. cloudy, fair. Evening clear. Stars very brilliant. [[line]] Thursday Dec. 14. [[line]] Bar. 29.37 Ther. 27. Min. 20. Wind. 0. Cloudy with snow. Slush ice all over small harbor. Later, about noon breeze with N.E. with snow. Evening SW [[end page]] [[start page]] [[image - pencil drawing of lines and a box]]

and SE with heavy rain & high wind, ice broken up & disappears_ Bar. fall to 28.930 _ __________Friday Dec.15 ____________ Bar.28.494. Ther. 44. min.25. Gale with rain, from S & E_ vexing the compass by fits & starts. Very high tide exceeding the limit of the gauge for some two hours & a half. Gale all day of varying intensity with torrents of rain. _________Saturday Dec. 16 ___________ Bar. 29.131. Ther. 35. min 24 - SE Gale diminishing. It blew with a great fury at times during the night and the vessel dragged to the north west three or four lengths though having both anchors and 120 fathoms of chain on each out. Cloudy with hail squalls_ Several Signals blown down Roofs off several houses in the village. boats & water casks flown away from the beach P.M. cants more northerly and lightens Evening blue lights visible on shore ________Sunday Dec 17 _____________ Bar. 29.838. Ther.31. min.29. Calm clear. Small harbor freezing over. Finding a constant difference between the height is measured on the staff [[end page]] [[start page]] [[blank page]]

outside and the same as recorded by the tide guage, since the oil was put into the float box. I measure the height from the surface of the oil to the bottom of the floor of the tide guage house finding it to be 19 1/4 inches - at the same time the distance from the surface of the water to the bottom of the floor, was 21 1/4 inches giving an elevation of the surface of the oil above the water level of two inches. It probably varies a little with the temperature. Day very fine and clear. Ice forming quite thick & hard by night finding irreconcileable errors in the computations from the telemeter I attempt a measurement on deck but the distance is too short for a satisfactory trial. The staff has been badly made and will have to be painted over as soon as I can get a constant for the [[strikeout]] angles [[/strikeout]] measurements already taken [[end page]] [[start page]] Correcton for telemeter measurements Focal length of Theodolite he 97 in 7.5 object glass to center 4.5 [[line]] additive corr. 12.in = .3048 meter For test. Place the initial point of the chain one foot in advance of the plumbob in the direction off the staff, adding the correction to all distances measured once for each sight. Trial on deck gives 5 units between both wires at a distance from the focal point of 16 feet 5 1/4 inches = to 1 unit between both wires at a distance of 3 feet 3 45/100 in or 0.92313 meters to which correction to the center should be added. Previous tests have omitted the focal correction and are hence erroneous. They must be repeated in a more correct way at the first opportunity

___________ Monday Dec 18 __________ Bar. 30.380. Ther. 39. min. 25. Wind in A.M. none. Toward noon NE light P.M. strong, north. Ice which had formed quite thickly on small harbor, begins to break up - Take the boat & five men & go to the various signal stations repairing damages done by the gale of the 16th Baileys, Round Top and Rocky Point signals all down, were set up again, the others were all right. The wind appeared to have lifted the signals bodily out of the ground as the holes were not enlarged or the stays, except one, broken - Evening cloudy with a good deal of haze & high wind. Back to vessel by dark. __________ Tuesday Dec. 19 ____________ [[strikethrough]][[boxed]] 380 [[/boxed]] [[boxed]] 34 [[/boxed]][[boxed]] 24 [[/boxed]] [[/strikethrought]] Bar. 30.280. Ther. 37. 34. Wind Lt S.E. [[Go?]] ashore & test telemeter carefully. 20 units between both wires correspond to 20 meters and two units are included between the lower wires at a distance of 13 feet 1 inch. both distances [[from?]] one foot in advance of the [[end page]] [[start page]] Example L 170 between lower wires [[calculation]] 170 2 _______ 340.000 .729 _______ Result 339.271 [[/calculation]] [[calculation]] .Ø06085 17Ø __________ 35 56 00 0042 _________ .42595 6085 ________ 1.034450 .304794 ________ .729656 [[/calculation]] 13 ft = 3.96283 meters } = 3.98783 meters 1 inch= 0.02550 meters } = 2 units betw L wires This gives us constants - 1 unit between [[strikethrough]] upp [[/strikethrough]] both wires = 1 meter - 1 unit between lower wires = 1.993915 meters use therefore for lower wires 1 unit = to 2 meters less 0.006085 meters for every unit subtended. to which total the sum of 0.304794 is to be added for the focal correction making the true distance

plumbob as required by the formula for correction of focal distance P.M clears, evening beautifully clear & calm. ice forming as usual over small harbor. Move the vessel out into the middle of the harbor in am. Day so foggy as to wet like rain until late in P.M. [[line]] Wednesday Dec. 20 [[line]] Bar. 30.172 Ther 30.-40 Min. 22 Sea calm, perfectly clear. Ice over small harbor extending as far as North Rock From Round Top Δ top of Bluff bearing N 48 1/2 E by telemeter 145 between both wires. Vertical angle 9° 40'. Beach east from Round Top Δ , by telemeter 170 between both wires. Vertical Ang. -11°..14' Beach in line with Rocky Pt. Δ [[by?]] telemeter 195 between both wires. Vert -10°..11' High water mark W. of Round Top Δ by telemeter 135 between lower wires Vert. Ang -13°..0 [[6?]]° (6°.54') Foot of Round Top Δ Hill west, by telemeter 135 between both wires. Vert Angle -14°..05'. Westernmost Pt of Ulakhta Harbor bears N 6 W, by telemeter 197 between lower wires. Angle from Ulakhta 33° 10' A and 33°..10' B. Vert. Ang. 5°..20' [[end page]] [[Start page]] ± the correction for vertical angle.

[[writing in right upper margin-very light and difficult to read]] 254 [[both?]] [[vert?]] [[7°..30?]] N 8 1/4 E [[18.50??]] Small rocky point on SW shore of Ulakhta Harbor bearing N 8 1/4 W by telemeter 254 both wires. Angle with Ulakhta is 18°..50. Vert Ang. 7°..30'. High wind from E. & S. arises & we return, after finishing series of angles. some fog comes in. In the A.M. a good deal of fine ice around kelp and in sheltered portions of the Main Bay. soon gone however after wind springs up. -----Thursday Dec 21----- Visit tide guage and put on new paper. Bar. 29.922. Ther. 27. Min 34 ^[[insertion]] 33 [[/insertion]]. Wind squally E. ^[[insertion]] ESE [[/insertion]] high. Cloudy & disagreeable. Ice all gone. Work over copying all day. Wind shifts to NE in P.M. with rain. -----Friday Dec 22----- Bar 29.570. Ther. 29. Min 35. Wind puffy from SE. Heavy rain. Visit tide guage & let out chain three links to shift the mean level nearer the bottom of the paper. Rains all day. Work at copying angles. -----Saturday Dec 23----- Bar. 29.702. Ther. 40. Min 29. Wind light E. Heavy fog & fine rain all day. Morning erect two signals on the east shore of the Bay [[end page]] [[start page]] [[image - drawing of landscape spit? hill or rocks; one point on drawing is marked D]]

one near the cemetery about forty feet from the beach and fifteen feet above high watermark just to the NW of a small rivulet which loses itself in the stones of the beach, call this Albatross station. Another on the SW end of the flat on the east side of the Bay west of a small bight where the boats can almost always land, 20 feet from the beach and four feet above high watermark - Stillwater station. Repair several signals from the the flags have blown away. After noon erect a primary signal on the top of the hill between middle & south Amaknak Island just south of the lagoon, height not yet determined, all the other primary stations are visible from this one and it will be one of the stations for the main triangle, name it Keystone station. [[line]] Sunday Dec 24 [[line]] Bar. 30.050. Ther. 40. min 35. Wind lt E. foggy. Breeze fresh in P.M. [[end page]] [[start page]] [[image - pencil drawing of landscape/islands with one place marked with circle and a mark possibly symbolizing a flag; compass directions labelled below drawing, from left to right]] NW by W 1/2 W; NW 1/2 W; NW by N; NNW 1/2 W.

[line]] Monday Dec 25, 1871 [[line]] 30.157 Ther. 35, min. 33. Cloudy with rain and a severe SE wind. [[line]] Tuesday Dec. 26 [[line]] Bar. 30.200. Ther. 37. Min 35. Wind easterly, fresh, cloudy. Wind blows almost a gale during day. Make arrangements about eval. [[line]] Wednesday Dec. 27 [[line]] Bar. 30.153. Ther. 36. min 34. Wind light easterly. cloudy with passing showers of rain and sleet. P.M some snow. [[line]] Thursday Dec. 28 [[line]] Bar. 29.918. Ther. 32 Min. 29. Wind none cloudy with light snowfall. Ice forming on small harbor. To get mean temperature of sea water commence to observe with Miller Casella Therm hanging it over the stern with six fathoms of line every night continuing the surface observations, last night the Casella read 40°. water in early am was 37 at the surface. To get an approximation to the max. temp. of the air, hang up one of [[strikethrough]] the [[/strikethrough]] Casella therm at the tide guage. Guage seems to stick somehow when the water is on the rise. Go to Spithead in P.M and attempt to measure over the base line with [[end page]] [[start page]] [[image-horizontal drawing of peninsula or the body of water-Spithead?]] Spithead to A Edge of water W side spit 120 fms. B Near " [[ditto for: edge]] 4 paces """" [[dittos for: water W. side spit]] 100 fms Walk in from A 14 paces to escape water Spit abt 50 ft wide here. C ditto line not straight in wate up & down at each end six or 10 feet _ 120 √ D on top of spit to point on E beach 10 paces across spit at 90 fms- beach 120 fms√ E along east beach 120 fms. F """ [[dittos for: along east beach]] 190 fms√ go in 10 paces to escape water G on top of spit 1/3 across 120 fms Ulakhta 89 fathoms. [[column of numbers indicating equation]] 5673. ft 5454 -------- 219 [[new column of numbers indicating equation]] 89√ 120√ 120√ 120√ 120√ 120√ 100√ 120√ ------ 909 6 ------ 5454

a 120 fathom line as chaining is impossible. The attempt fails as I supposed it would. Must remeasure with the telemeter. Day ends calm w light E air, and heavy coat of ice on small harbor. [[line]] Friday Dec. 29, 1871 [[line]] Bar 29.912 Ther. 34 Min 21. Max 35. Wind very light SE. Clear & fine. Small harbor solidly frozen over. Go to Spithead to remeasure base line with telemeter. [[chart follows, with subject headings of:]] Station. Reading. Vert angle. Meters Spithead to A 100 0 100.000 B 232 1/2 0 232.500 C 318 1/2 .55' 318.413 D 253 0.15' 252.998 E 233 -0.15' 232.998 F 84 .45 84.916 G 330 +.40 329.930 --------- 327535 122422 --------- 1550.755 [[end page]] [[start page]] [[horizontal line across page]] Remarks [[horizontal line across page]] A is about 10 ft. from edge of spit, W. Side. about middle of shallow bight. B is on the beach a little below highwater mark. W.side of spit over shallow bight and along beach. C on left of bank, W. side of spit. Sight on rather deep bight. D across narrowest part of spit. Near edge of beach about 10 ft above hw. mark, W. side very near parallel with spit. E on E. side, on beach above hwmark, over beach. F along beach to edge of water. Station-edge of water. About half tide. G Over water along beach. About high w mark on beach E side

[[This page contains a table with four columns and three rows, including the header row]] Station Reading VertAngle Meters ---------------------------------------------------- H 42 1/2 2°..44' 1551.755 41.554 Ulakhta 169 1/2 +1°..25' 169.410 [[Foc.?]] correction 2.742 --------- Total 1765.462 P.M. Clear & calm or light Easterly breeze. Ice remains intact. A very large column of smoke & steam coming from Makushin volcano too dark to work back as I had intended. [[end page]] [[start page]] Remarks [[horizontal line]] Whenever degrees have been read [[underlined]] before [[?]] [[/underlined]] on rod intervals of 20'. H on the spit. At Cc is the point where the spit begins to bend to the eastward.

[[line]]Saturday Dec 30. 1871[[line]] Bar. 29.824. Ther. 32 Max 32 Min 19. Calm Ice thick & heavy extending out into outer harbor nearly to reef. Clear & fine much of A.M. last in breaking way through ice Ulakhta to [[chart with 4 columns. Headings left to right "Station" "Reading" "Next angle" "Meters"]] [[column heading:]] Station From Ulakhta to A B C D E [[three empty rows]] F [[two empty rows]] G H I K [[two empty rows]] Spithead [[four empty rows]] [[end column]] [[column heading:]] Reading [[one empty row]] 197 19 330 255 147 1/2 [[three empty rows]] 140 +6 in [[one empty row]] 80 270 84 136 [[two empty rows]] 104 1/2 [[three empty rows]] 1763 [[end column]] [[column heading:]] Next angle [[one empty row]] 0°..46' 0 0 0°..50' 0 [[three empty rows]] 0 [[two empty rows]] 2°..25' 0 0 1°..00 [[two empty rows]] 0 [[Focal?]] [[corr?]] [[three empty rows]] [[end column]] [[column heading:]] Meters [[one empty row]] 196.918 19.000 330.000 254.929 147.500 [[three empty rows]] 140.000 .152 [[one empty row]] 79.971 270.000 84.000 135.921 [[two empty rows]] 104.500 3.047 [[horizontal line indicating equals sign]] 211718 155422 [[horizontal line indicating equals sign]] 1765.938 [[end page]] [[start page]] Remeasurement of base line. P.M. from Ulakhta to Spithead,less reliable than the last as the sun shines directly in my face & the stadia is shaded. Back to vessel about 4 P.M. Ice every where in outer harbor. [[horizontal line]] but only light coat of crystals. Remarks [[horizontal line]] Across spit at A, 20. Vert. Ang. 20. A Near H but near beach ^[[insertion]] nearer beach [[/insertion]]. B on water's edge near G before. C in water, near the F of yesterday D on bank E. side, 25 ft from h.w. mark [[underlined]] Across [[/underlined]] the spit from D 30 vert ang. 0°. Along E. Bank of spit. E on E. side on edge of Bank. Add 6 in. to its sight to F. Across spit from E 33 Vert O. Along E edge and across narrow bight. F on W. side on edge of bank across from F 12. Vert. 0 Along W. edge spit and into water over bight. H on Edge of [[water?]] along water's edge. I is on beach over a shallow bight. Across spit - 29'12 ^[[insertion]] vert 2° [[/insertion]] from K. K is on edge of bank W. side [[vertical equation]] 1765.938 1765.462 [[horizontal line indicating equals sign]] .476 1400

----- Sunday Dec. 31, 1871 ----- Bar 29.362. Ther. 33. Min 24 Max 37. Fresh NE wind with clouds & a little snow ice stationary ----- Monday Jan. 1, 1872 ----- Bar 29.136. Ther. 30. Min 26 Max 32 Fresh high wind from NW with snow squalls - ice prevents our visiting tide guage. Wind blows very hard during day & evening but makes very little impression on the ice. ----- Tuesday Jan 2. ----- Bar. 29.222 Ther. 27 Min. 25 Max. 33 Wind fresh NW cloudy with snow at intervals. Spend most of the morning getting to the tide guage the bridge to the shore having been carried away by the ice. ----- Wednesday Jan 3 ----- High NW wind, Ther. 31. Max 30 Min. 24 Bar. 29.150 Ice little affected by the wind, but apparently thawing a little. Snow squalls occasionally. ----- Thursday Jan 4 ----- Wind NW as before, this is the heaviest wind we have had. Bar. 29.340. Ther. 25. Min 23. Max. 32. Ice gradually yielding but still covering the better half of the harbor cloudy & a little snow. [[end page]] [[start page]] [[image - landscape drawing with compass directions noted; from left to right:]] NNW, N by W, N by E, NNE

----- Friday Jan. 5, 1872 ----- Bar. 29.264. Ther. 22. Min. 19. Max. 25. Wind strong as before with snow squalls all day, ice disappearing gradually Very low tide at night. ----- Saturday Jan 6. ----- Bar. 29.624. Ther. 23. Min 19. Max. 25 Wind puffy from N.W. less strong than before, ice mostly gone. P.M.- wind changes from NW to W & finally SW. Snows - Evening calm ----- Sunday Jan 7 ----- Harbor covered with slushy ice not very hard. Wind SE & calm at intervals. Snows hard. Bar. 29.500. Ther. 27. Min 16.5. Max. 27 ----- Monday Jan 8. ----- Bar. 29.528 Ther. 27 1/2 Min 25 Max. 32 Wind lt. S.E. fresh ice forming. Half clear. Wind later in the day goes round to the NW and blows most of the ice out by 9 P.M. Weather too cold & wind too high to do any observing. ----- Tuesday, Jan 9 ----- Bar 30. 56 [[writeover]]05[[/writeover]]6 Ther. 27 Min 26 Max 32 Wind N NW strong. Half clear-ice still obstructing the harbor [[end page]] [[start page]] [[image- drawing of landscape marked with compass directions, from left to right: NE by N; NE by E; ENE; E by N. One promontory not far from the "E by N" notation appears to have a vertical line on top (indication of a pole or flag?) with letter "A" beside it.]]

----- Wednesday Jan 10.72 ----- Bar. 29.562. Ther. 28. Max 30 Min 19. Wind shifted to SE fresh. Heavy clouds. Ice still obstructing the harbor. ----- Thursday Jan 11. 72 ----- Bar 29.256 Ther 30 1/2 Min 26 Max. 30. Wind light Easterly in AM. N Westerly in P.M. Snowing lightly at short intervals. Slush ice forming. Work over computations of angles all day & copying notes. ----- Friday Jan 12. ----- Bar. 29.233 Ther. 24 Min 2[[writeover]]6[[/writeover]]3. Max. 34 Cloudy with snow Wind light W & SW ----- Saturday Jan 13 ----- Wind SW. light. Bar 29.256 Ther 25 1/2 Max 26 Min. 20 Copying notes all day. Snowing heavily. Mean temp at this place for Oct. 71 42.5. Bar. 29.433, Nov. 71. 37.95 Bar. 29.913. for Dec. 71, 33.5. 29.640 ----- Sunday Jan 14 ----- Cloudy - with heavy snowfall. SW wind in A.M. P.M. NW strong. Bar. 29.222 Ther. 22.5 Min. 18. Max 28. Lizzie Sha sails about two P.M. for Unga to bring coal [[end page]] [[start page]] [[blank page]]

----- Monday Jan 15. 1872 ----- Lizzie Sha did not sail but returned owing to a defect in her chains which must be remedied before can can go to sea. Bar. 28.730. N. fresh, with snow. Ther. 22.5 Min. 18º. Max 28º. Very high tide, rises above guage to 9.95 on staff. Small harbor half covered with ice again but not very thick. ----- Tuesday Jan 16 1872 ----- Bar. 28.756 Ther. 26 1/2 Min 17 1/2 Max 26. Tide has been up to 10 on staff above limit of tide guage. Wind light E with wavy swell rolling in. the small harbor froze over again. The low barometer of the last two days is probably due to a heavy blow outside which has not reached us in here. Cloudy - P.M. heavy snow amid a large increase of Ice inside the small harbor. ----- Wednesday. Jan. 17. ----- Bar. 28.900. Ther. 30. Min 25. Max 30 Wind NE. half a gale with blinding snow. Continuous all day and evening. Cannot visit tide guage. [[end page]] [[start page]] [[blank page]]

----Thursday, Jan 18. 1872----- Bar. 29.001 Ther. 20 Max 31 Min. 18 Wind fresh, Westerly with some snow. Cloudy. Ice mostly cleared away by the wind -----Friday Jan 19.------ Bar. 29.154. Ther. 19. Min 16. Max 23 Wind NNW strong. Cloudy with a little snow. Wind works round to the S and finally in the evening to SE and the temperature rises. -----Saturday Jan 20------ Bar. 29.808 Ther. 26 Min 13 Max. 23 Clear, nearly calm light SE air. Ice forming again with some rapidity. P.M. cloudy fresh SE wind. Later strong NE and N Evening NNW ice grinds hard around the harbor & vessel. Bar rises with N wind to 29.930 -----Sunday Jan 21----- Barom. fell last night about 8 P.M to 29.450, a SE gale came on with heavy squalls of half melted snow. The sheet of ice at the opening of Iliuliuk harbor comes down on us by the mn. Our chains cut a clear passage through it and the vessel is but slightly chafed. The old and heavy ice a foot or more thick gets adrift & half of it passes out through [[end page]] [[start page]] v

the straits into Captain's Harbor and the other jams ashore on the small island and on Amaknak to the NW of the tide guage. At 11. P.M the latter was all right but the gale was increasing in fury and rendered it impossible to go to it or I should have removed the instruments as I feared the ice would carry it away. This morning my apprehensions proved too well founded for the crib was crushed & the house overturned and carried ashore. I go there immediately in the large boat and we succeed in fishing out the selfregistering guage soaked with salt water and seal oil from the float box. The only injuries it had apparently sustained were the breaking of the pendulum and hour hand of the clock and some wrenching of the woodwork. The register of the last month though wet was safe and still legible. The mercurial barometer still hung to its peg [[end page]] [[start page]] [[blank page]]

but appeared to have sustained some injury as the mercury gave a muffled click when tipped up. The standard thermometer was safe. The Casella and minimum thermometers were so far under water that we could not reach them in the present condition of the tide. The magnet, clock key, box of pencils and one of the weights of the tide guage are not yet found. We brought the guage, thermometer and barometer aboard and cleaned the two former as well as circumstances would admit, pending a more complete restoration. Bar. 28.840. Ther. 38. Max 34? Min 30? Gale from SE with heavy rain Moderates toward evening Barometer goes up to 29.000 -----Monday Jan 22 1872----- Bar. 28.912. Ther. 40. Early AM calm cloudy about 9AM fresh breeze from SE. [[Get?]] tide guage house towed over to & hauled up on Capt. Hennigs wharf where we [[end page]] [[start page]] 10th of June 1871 the Gregorian Calendar was ordered for Alaska - by Archbishop of S.F.?

shall set it up. Wind increases to a gale in P.M. Barom rises to 29.140 [[line]] Tuesday Jan 23 [[line]] Bar. 29.900 Ther. 39. Min 33. Max 39 Morning early calm & quiet cloudy with a little rain. Gale ceased early in A.M. wind S1. Later fresh breeze with showers of rain at short intervals cloudy & half clearly starts P.M. go down in search of the rock reported by Mr. Bailey, but the water is so high that we don't find it Evening ther. 38. Barom. 30.100. [[line]] Wednesday Jan. 24 [[line]] Morning Gale from E & SE with snow. Bar. 29.585. Ther. 38. Max 40. Min 34 Later changes to rain. Moderates a little in afternoon. Go ashore & set up tide guage but as some weights are lost do not get it running. Bar. 29.252 Ther. 36. Evening raining hard [[line]] Thursday Jan 25 [[line]] Bar. 29.602. Ther. 31 Max 34. Min 30 Go to bench mark to establish height of water at new tidal station. The bench mark was 4 feet six inches above the water at the time the signal [[end page]] [[start page]] Bottom of floor to bottom [[scantling?]] 8 in Bottom [[scantling?]] to mark 23 in

was given, at the wharf the water stood at 8.45. or 31 inches below the bottom of the floor of the tide guage house. Set the pencil to this point as nearly as possible to obtain the same conditions as those which existed previously at the other station How well we have succeeded we can only tell in time. The priest whose experience in these matters is large informs me that the tide rips in the Akutan and other passes occur about half tide sometimes twice three or even four times a day. In Unimak Pass they only occur when strong SE or NW winds prevail. From Unalga Pass to Iliuliuk is half a tide. The tide wave comes from the eastward rounds Kalekhta point passes to the west of Amaknak Id and north into Iliuliuk Harbor The current in the strait between Expedition Island and the bench mark, I observed this A.M. ran at the rate of 1 foot in 2 seconds near the shore and about 1 foot in 4 seconds in the middle of the passage. [[end page]] [[start page]] [[blank page]]

The falling tide passes south between Amaknak S and Unalashka and out by the Western passage. Afternoon telemetric observations in small harbor. Evening. Light NW wind. Bar. 29.500 Ther. 34. Cloudy -----Friday Jan 26. 1872----- Bar. 29.386. Ther. 35. Max. 41. Min 34 morning, Cloudy rainy, heavy squalls from SW. Tide guage clock has stopped, oil her and set her - a going again. The place where the guage is now is a very poor one, subject to jars & heavy surf. Noon wind moderates with a little snow. P.M clear, fine with fresh S & SW wind. Telemetric observations on Amaknak Id all p.m. to 5 oclock. Evening SE wind fresh, high bar. 29.330 -----Saturday Jan. 27----- Bar. 29.538. Ther. 32. Max 43 Min 31 Moderate SW. snowing heavily in A.M. early. Go to tide guage & remove the clock which requires cleaning as it will not go. Later high wind and half clear SW. Later heavy snow & hail. High S wind Bar. 29.600. Set up tide guage clock again, it seems to run well. Evening beautifully clear + calm. Bar rises to 29.800. [[end page]] [[start page]] Sea otters from Unalashka Akhun Tigalda and other islands trading with Iliuliuk from Oct 1870 to Oct 1871- 600 skins foxes 900- Seals 500. 1871-2 winter very few foxes not more than 200 seal. bad year.

---Sunday Jan 28---- Bar 29.608. Ther. 35. Max. 39. Min. 30 SE gale with furious squalls increases toward noon and the barom. falls to 29.400. This is the most severe that we have yet experienced here. About noon bar. goes to 29.350 and then the wind moderates a little and the bar rises. wind closes fresh S half clear. -----Monday Jan. 29.----- Morning cloudy with snow squalls from S.W. later clears off nearly with light S wind Ther. 34. Bar. 29.683. Toward noon 29.900. Go to find the ledge of rock reported by Mr. Bailey. Find it & fix its position. Afternoon telemeter observations on Amaknak. P.M visit tide guage which is still out of order. Wind gets round to S.E. then calm & freezing in [[the?]] [[small?]] Harbor. in evening, Bar. 30.032 32. 44 -----Tuesday Jan. 30---- Bar. 29.838. Ther. 35. Max 45. Min 24. Morning strong S.E. with squalls cloudy. Visit tide guage clock and find her going! Work all day over plotting. Furious southeaster with rain in P.M. Bar. 29.662 [[end page]] [[start page]] [[blank page]]

[[line]] Wednesday Jan 31 [[line]] Bar. 29.658. Ther. 41. Max 41. Min 34. Storm still continuing with torrents of rain but less wind - still SE. P.M rain & wind diminish Bar. 29.868 [[line]] Thursday. Feb. 1. [[line]] Morning Bar. 29.848. Ther. 37 Max. 37. min 34. Visit tide guage which is still running with the face & hands removed. Find the level here apparently about one tenth of a foot lower than at the other station, but must await a calm day to rectify it. Storm from SE with torrents of rain. Work on current charts. P.M. moderates a little, go around the west side of Amaknak Island as far as Pinnacle. Find the low end of Hog Island covers the east Head of Nateekin Bay while the outline of the island is quite erroneous. The ledge off ΔD from ΔC is in line with the end of small island while from K it is off the low place between Fish Rock & ΔD bluff. Evening Bar. 29.850 [[end page]] [[start page]] Hail Sund Rain Wind. Snow. 1 111 1111 11 111111 11111 11111 111 ------ 9 [[Calculation]] 3 4 2 6 13 -- 28 3 [[/calculation]] Population Iliuliuk 151 men 142 females Imagnee 20 females [[strikethrough]] 154 [[/strikethrough]] 16 men Makushin [[strikethrough]] 36 20 [[/strikethrough]] men [[strikethrough]] 35 27 [[/strikethrough]] women Kasheega 36 men 35 women Chernoffsky 28 men 31 women Umnak 55 men 50 women [[Swinoi?]] 19 men 8 women

[[line]] Friday. Feb 2.1872 [[line]] Bar. 29.962. Ther. 35.5. Max 38 Min 33. SE wind high in squalls rainy & cloudy. P.M. more moderate, rainy. Evening Barom goes up to 30.065. [[line]] Saturday Feb. 3 [[line]] 30.060. Ther. 36.5 Max 37. Min 33. Rainy. Wind ESE. P.M. attempt telemeter obs. but am driven in by squalls of rain & wind which has camber to ENE. Bar. 30.050 [[line]] Sunday Feb. 4 [[line]] Bar. 29.802. Ther. 36. Max 37. Min 32. Wind E by S fresh. Cloudy, rainy & snowing. [[line]] Monday Feb. 5 [[line]] In the low tide of the 3rd I observed that the end of the reef out of water off Rocky Point Δ was in line with Ulakhta & the church or the next warehouse bay and the new store of HK & Co and Spithead. The reef off ΔD -see Feb. 1.- Bar. 29.520 SE stormy with rain & hail. Ther. 36. Max 37. Min 33. Rumbling noises from Akutan Volcano one with a slight Jar - during day. Evening half a gale SE, rain &c Bar. 29.442 wind canting more Northerly [[end page]] [[start page]] Biorka 49 men 56 women Akhun 52 men 47 women Avatanak 24 men 23 women Tigalda 31 men 30 women Aliaska ------ [[Pontasofsky? Pratasofsky?]] 51 men 55 women [[Morzhofsky?]] 27 men 25 women Belkoffsky 87 men 109 women Paul Bay 60 men 70 women ------------ [[Perigromnoy?]] 9 men 15 women 508

[[line]][[strikethrough]] Saturday [[/strikethrough]] Tuesday Feb. 6 [[line]] NE gale with rain & snow. Bar. 29.300. Cannot visit tide guage in A.M. Gale continues all day evening Bar. 29.322. Ther. 40 Max. 37 Min. 34 [[line]] Wednesday Feb. 7. [[line]] Ther. 37. Max. 38. Min 33. Bar. 29.322 NE gale. cloudy. Wind a little more northerly and rain ceased Visit tide guage which had stopped from the rain beating in through the crevices & wetting the paper. Evening wind in the old quarter, rain, snow, & sleet. Bar. 29.330 [[line]] Thursday Feb. 8 [[line]] Bar. 29.438. Ther. 38. Max 38. Min 33.5 Wind ESE fresh all day with rain & squalls. The sun breaks through for a moment once or twice. [[line]] Feb. 9. 1872 [[line]] [[left margin vertical note]] Bury Thermometer [[/margin]] Bar. 29.732. Ther. 36. Max 39. Min 32 1/2 Half cloudy wind ENE fresh. Some snow last night. Wind goes round to N. Clears. Go up to Spithead to take angles but wind is so high that we can do nothing. Return & in P.M. take telemetric observations in small harbor. finish by 5 P.M. 9 P.M. bar. 29.850. wind NW moderate [[end page]] [[start page]] Unga 71 men. 82 women. Popoffsky 4 men 4 women Korovinsky 23 men 15 women. St Paul Id. 108 men. 116x women. St George Id. 53 men. 70 women. Attu. 117 men. 107 women. 1871 941 men all islands 972 women 27 male births 17 females 25 deaths male 32 women 7 deaths from Pleurisy & 9 from pneumonia the others from various causes not over 4 each Atka 346 (1871) men & women.

-----Saturday Feb. 10. 1872----- Day perfectly clear. Ther. 28. min 25. Max 48. Bar. 29.852. At work on telemetric observations about small harbor - all day. AM. Lt. NW air, Noon & P.M. SSE Evening dead calm. ice making in small harbor. -----Sunday Feb 11----- Morning wind fresh E. Bar. 29.678 For the last three days, Akutan volcano has been uttering loud rumblings, like cannonading, at regular intervals. Yesterday being calm and perfectly clear puffs of smoke & steam were seen to rise at intervals and appeared coincident with the sounds. Makushin is said to have broken out ^[[insertion]] last November [[/insertion]] in a new place, nearer the bay in the West side of the island. Ther. 33. Max 47 1/2 Min 27. [[left margin vertical note:]][[rt? pt?]] off Dest. Volcano [[/margin note]] 1870 In July Bendel started from Kuskowkwim for Nunivak and meeting a strong NW wind & being short of water sailed for Unimak which they reached in 4 or 5 days. making land in about lon 165. beat all day without making anything the day being clear. Might [[end page]] [[start page]] thick continued beating and about 9 A.M. the fog lifted and they found themselves off Akhun Bay. The wind hauled a little fairer & they proposed to stand into the Bay but the fog lifted again and they found themselves off Captains Bay near Cape Kalekhta. A dead calm prevented their working in and in the night the tide carried them to the eastward as far as the low of Unalga. The first stretch was performed in 24 hours. Same voyage drifted from Cape Newenham to Hagenmeister Id in night [[+?]] Deaths in 1870 to July. Men 927 Women 974 births ♂ 47 ♀ 50 deaths ♂ 43 ♀ 61 -- Most deaths of asthma. Pop. Attu 1871 112 men 107 ♀ P.M. snow & rain. Bar. 29.500 Wind SE

----- Monday Feb 12, 1872 ----- Wind mod. SE. Bar. 29.432. Ther 36.5 Max 37.5 Min 31.5. Rainy & cloudy. P.M. Lt SE air. rain & snow ----- Tuesday Feb 13 ----- Bar. 29.438. Ther. 33. Max 38. Min 31 Cloudy, some snow in early AM Wind lt. SE. Work on plotting P.M. telemeter obs. on SW side of Amaknak. Wind NE. rain & snow in squalls. Hunt for & find third rock off Amaknak S. Bar. 9 P.M. 29.250 ----- Wednesday Feb. 14 ----- 29.220. Ther. 28.5. Max 38. Min 26. Wind strong North. Cloudy. Rain & snow Schr. John Bright arrives from S. F. -----Thursday Feb. 15----- Strong W wind with [[strikethrough]]rain & [[/strikethrough]] snow squalls Bar. 29.438 Ther. 26.5. Max 38. Min. 16 Cloudy. Remove tide guage from wharf. -----Friday Feb. 16----- Ther. 20. Max 27. Min. 18. Bar. 29.402. Strong N wind cloudy with snow squalls. P.M. wind goes round to due West. Bar. 29.402 -----Saturday Feb. 17----- Wind NNW 6. Ther. 22 Max 28 Min. 19 Barom. 29.398. Cloudy with snowsqualls. 11 P.M. Bar. 29.425 Wind WNW. Snowing hard. [[end page]] [[start page]] [[blank page]]

______Sunday Feb 18,1872________ Bar.29.442. Ther.18. Max 20. Min 16. Wind strong NW. with snowsqualls every few minutes Night driving snowstorm. ______Monday Feb.19_________ Bar. 29.378 Ther. 16. Max 18 Min. 15 Wind north strong with heavy snow storm. Cloudy. Telemetric & chain measurement to date amount to 72.233.245 m --- 1000 or 38.9 miles geographical. Evening wind even higher in squalls stormy. Bar.11 P.M. 29.100 N and W ______Tuesday Feb. 20_________ Morning stiff NW & W wind with squalls of snow. Cloudy. Bar. 29.062 Ther. 19. Max.20 Min.15 4 P.M. Bar 28.900 Heavy fall of snow & high wind. 11 P.M. Bar. 28.944 wind moderating ______Wednesday Feb. 21________ Ther.28.980. Ther.20. Max. 20. Min. 17 Wind very strong west, with blinding snow. 2 P.M. wind more southerly Bar. 29.024 11 P.M. Wind W. more moderate " [[ditto for: Bar.]] 29.100 ______Thursday Feb 22__________ Wind W more moderate Ther. 19 Max 22. Min 18. Bar. 29.320. Snow squalls at intervals [[end page]] [[start page]] [[blank page]]

-----Friday Feb. 23. 1872 ----- Ther. 20. Max 26 Min 18. Bar 29.350. Wind lt NW with light snow fall - continuing all day 10 P.M. Bar. 29.200 -----Saturday Feb. 24 ----- Bar. 29.125 Ther. 16. Max 18 Min 16 Strong NNW wind cloudy with snow Archimandritoff calls attention to the rocks in Akutan Pass & off Cape Kalekhta 1/2 mile on Tebenkoff's chart Tanaga or the island west of it, is wrong in longitude as the bearings do not connect. There are several islands in the Shumagin group which - are not down on any chart - also one to the east of Nagai - Lat. 54.49.30 Lon 157.38, 45 miles east of Seminoffsky seen by Capt May (?). The pass of Amukhta is 36 miles wide on the chart of Tebenkoff Archim. says it is 46 miles wide The natives report a good harbor on Semisopochnoi 20 - some say there are rocks between Bogoslova & Umnak on which the surf breaks in windy weather, but cannot say definitely - Hennig says not he has sounded close to Umnak & the volcano [[end page]] [[start page]] [[The note below is linked across to line in last paragraph on preceding page. The line linked to it is: "harbor on Semisopochnoi 20-"]] - Hennig says a poor harbor with the passage to it dangerous from bad tide rips & rocks.

-----Sunday Feb. 25----- Ther. 16. Max 26 Min 13.5. Bar. 29.330 Wind light S. Sky half cloudy - about 9 am as the tide rises and wind freshens a stream of ice cakes from Captain's Harbor poured into Iliuliuk Harbor through Amaknak Str. at the rate of 4 knots per hour. As an excellent illustration of the currents it may be mentioned that not a particle of it went out by the north entrance where the water backed up yet there was no eddy there and the only clear space was a small strip at the mouth of the creek & thence to the N entrance. The harbor of Iliuliuk had been perfectly free from ice but the low temperature caused the cakes to freeze together and at night a very thick & strong coat of ice covered the harbor. -----Monday Feb. 26----- Bar. 29.522. Ther. 18. Max 36 Min. 18. Mod S wind. Sky nearly clear with passing clouds. Being solidly frozen in so as to prevent the passage of [[end page]] [[start page]] a boat to the shore short of half a days labor. we devote the day to observations of equal altitudes from the vessel. succeeding very well. P.M. clear calm. 29.624

[[line]] Tuesday Feb. 27 [[line]] Ther. 24, Max. 32 Min. 24 Bar. 29.550. Lt. Wind SE with light snow. Small harbor icebound. Cloudy,later snow turning into rain 9 P.M. Bar 29.480. Wind ESE fresh [[line]] Wednesday Feb 28 [[line]] Ther. 31 Min. 28. Max 39 Bar. 29.475. Early A.M. Half clear with fresh ENE wind. 8.30 A.M. winds freshens, and becomes squally with sky over cast. Later rain & snow. Then wind goes round to N squally and finally to NW clearing off a good deal. 10 P.M. bar 29.388 Wind N with wet snow [[line]] Thursday Feb. 29 [[line]] Wind strong North. Ther. 35 Max 35 Min. 33 Later NW with snow & rain a little Bar. 29.300 Later & P.M very strong northerly. Bar. 29.250. [[line]] Friday March 1 [[line]] Bar. 29.354 Ther. 33. Max 33. Ice breaking up Very high strong NW wind. Cloudy [[line]] Saturday Mar. 2 [[line]] Bar. 29.182. Ther. 31. Max 36 Min 31 Strong NNW, with driving snow ice gradually breaking up. PM & evening furious snowstorm Bar same [[end page]] [[start page]] Working days- Parts of Tot days in port Sept 6 6 5.25 Oct 14 31 9.00 Nov 15 30 12.00 Mar. Dec 10 31 6.50 7.25 da Jan 4 31 2.75 Feb 4 29 3.00 -- --- ----- 53 158 38.50 total working weather -38.50 ------ 119.50 [[Other calculations]] 159 3853 15 2.75 23 3 8 3.00 --- ---- -- 7.25 136 1155.9 23 ---- 13.00 [[return to text]] Sept Dec Bad weather on working days .25 .50 Sept .75 .50 .75 Oct 5.00 Oct .50 Nov 3.00 .75 .25 Dec 3.50 2.00 .50 Jan 1.25 25 .50 Feb 1.00 25 .50 ---- 25 --- 340 53.00 25 40 111 14.50 50 31 ----- ----- 25 --- 14.50 38.50 50 3.50 ---- Jan 270 .75 4 sundays 13 .50 ---- ---- 500 1.25 Nov Feb 1580 divided by 385 = 4 1/9 1.00 50 4 sundays 50 50 50 ---- 50 1.00 50 1360 divided by 385 = 35.3 ---- 3.00

_______Sunday Mar. 3. 72_____ Bar. 29.498 Ther 29 Max 29 Min 25 Cloudy, fresh NW with half melted snow. _______Monday Mar. 4_________ Ther 22. Max 25 Min 20 Bar 29.370 Cloudy very strong NW wind. more moderate with snow toward evening. Bar 10 P.M. 29.220 ______Tuesday Mar. 5______________ Cloudy, strong NW wind with light snow. Ther. 27, Max 32 Min 27 Bar 29.094. P.M. wind W. Bar 10 P.M. 29.050 ______Wednesday Mar. 6 _________ Half cloudy - light ESE wind. Ther. 20 Max 42 Min. 20 Bar. 29.070. 8.30 P.M. Bar. 28.800 Wind E. foggy - spend afternoon taking angles from Δ D. Evening wind shifting from NE to NW ______Thursday Mar. 7___________ Morning cloudy. fresh NW wind, Ther. 32. Max 42 Min 30. A little snowfalls. Bar 28.600 - wind shifts from N. to SW all day. 10 P.M. wind light SW clear, Bar 28.775. ______Friday Mar. 8______________ Cloudy, snowing lightly at intervals. Wind SW & S moderate. Ther. 36 Max. 42 Min. 36 Bar. 28.900 10 P.M. wind S by E moderate, clear, Bar, 29.075 [[end page]] [[start page]] 106 293 52 36 196 47 130 71 24 49 153 105 8 27 38 105 --- 99 707 western 47 61 --- 480 46 --- 940 middle Al 214 123 --- 337 Prib 124 346 --- 470 West 337 707 940 ---- 2454

_____Saturday Mar. 9, 1872______ Ther 35. Max. 49. Min 32. Wind variable, southerly very light with occasional fresh puffs - sky half clear. Spent day taking angles from Δs B, A & K. Evening wind light SE with one snow squall. 10. P.M clear. Bar. A.M. 29.184 10 P.M. 29.420. _____Sunday Mar. 10______ Cloudy - fresh SE wind. Ther. 32, Max 35, Min. 32 Bar. 29.488. Storm brewing apparently. 4 P.M. heavy southeast storm with rain comes in & lasts P.M & evening - ice in harbor breaks up. Bar. 29.300 _____Monday, Mar. 11______ Storm continuing but moderating. Bar 29.246. Ther. 38. Max 38 Min 35 Wind squally SE. Heavy rain. Later less wind with showers of rain or hail at intervals P.M and evening 10 P.M. bar. 29.310 Wind S by E _____Tuesday Mar. 12_____ Cloudy with passing showers. Wind lt SE. Stronger in puffs Ther. 38 Max 48 Min. 37 Bar. 29.382 P.M. wind S. to SE with snow squall alternating fair. Work on telemetric observations about Amaknak. 9 P.M. Bar 29.840 [[end page]] [[start page]] [[image - drawing of landscape/islands. Features of drawing are labelled, from left to right:]] Korovin, Andronica, E, Popoff Id. [[Drawing is titled:]] Straits N of Popoffsky from N of E end Unga half mile

_____Wednesday Mar. 13, 72______ Ther. 35 Max 38 Min. 32 Bar. 29.940 Cloudy, squally, threatening rain - wind fresh SE. Blows very hard - try telemetric obs. on SW side Amaknak but are driven in big snowstorm. P. M. wind goes to NE and back to SE with rain. 10 P M. bar. 29.540. ______Thursday Mar. 14________ Ther. 36 Max. 40 Min 36. Bar 29.476 - Cloudy, rainy wind squally SE. In 1868 a whaling vessel stove in the ice off Cape St. Thaddeus drifted ashore in Seniavine straits - shortly after the ice passed out of the latter - says Chapman. Also in 1871 late in May ice broke up off Plover Bay leaving the sea navigable there and by the middle of June any vessel might have sailed there had she been able to cut through the floe ice to the S & W. The ice opens sooner on the W side of St. Lawrence Id than on the E & SE. Bar. 10 P.M. 29.620 _____Friday, Mar. 15_____ Ther. 38 Max. 48 Min. 36 Bar.29.800 Wind S. fresh. Passing clouds with snow flurries occasionally but light and short. Work oven telem. on SE side Amaknak all day. P.M. cloudy wind SSE 8 P.M. Bar. 29.810 [[end page]] [[start page]] [[blank page]]

[[line]] Saturday Mar. 16. 1872 [[line]] Ther. 36. Max 49 Min 36 Bar. 29.720 Fair, with passing clouds Wind lt. S. 265 on telemeter coincides with 9.5 on staff. Then level center of telescope is 6 ft. 1 3/4 in above 9.5 √ 1 [[bracket]] S41 E .43 1/2 B. 172 1/2 is bisected by middle wire on beach- Theodolite center at this station is 13 3/4 in above it. [[/bracket]] 2 [[bracket]] Next station 162 1/2 middle wire S63 E 70 B on grass between old Aleut houses middle wire at this station 9 3/4 in above 162.5 [[/bracket]] 3 [[bracket]] Next 130 mid wire S 64 1/2 E 48B Level of theod 1/2 in below that of last D at this one on grass on flat [[/bracket]] 4 [[curly bracket]] Next middle 266 S63 1/4 E. 62B. 4 ft 7 in. Clothes line [[bracket]] 5 [[curly bracket]] Next 672 3/4 65 2/B E 40B 4 ft 8 3/4.Just beyond Hennigs house. [[/bracket]] Next 250 on church NW Corner S58 1/2 E (45B) 250 is 6 1/2 in above bench mark 6 Sight to beach 49 1/2 B. Vert 5°.59'|15 ft 3 3/10 in N 26 1/2 East. Rev. to edge of bank of brook 16B Vert. 1°.27' _ Take a set of altitudes for time in A.M. recording for Harrington. Then correlate the bench marks as above. P.M. run the line of the beach with telemeter to Albatross Δ and return to altitudes. [[end page]] [[start page]] But we are prevented from obtaining the rest by clouds. Day partly fair, with one heavy snowsquall at noon. Passing clouds in P.M. & A.M. closes cloudy. 9 P.M. bar. 29.700 wind SE [[calculation:]] 6 ft 1 3/4 in 1 . 1 3/4 in 0.9 3/4 in ------------- 8. 2'-1/2 = 8.1 1/2 [[calculation:]] 15.7.75 1.1.75 9.9.75 4.6.50 4.2.25 -------- 26.04.0 above zero [[calculation:]] 15.4.16 6.8.40 ------- 22.00.56 [[calculation:]] 4.7 4.8 3/4 ------- 17.5 1/4 6 1/2 ------- 16.10 [[strikethrough]] 3/4 [[/strikethrough]] above 9.5 9.06 ------ 26.04 [[strikethrough]] 3/4 [[/strikethrough]] Bench mark on church is above 0 of staff 26 ft. 04 [[strikethrough]] 3/4 [[/strikethrough]] in Same is above our bench mark on rock Iliuliuk Harbor 13 ft. 04 [[strikethrough]] 1/4 [[/strikethrough]] in [[left margin - vertical line]] Height of church mark above 6 ft 7/10 on staff approximately = 15 ft .416 by water level less reliable than the other [[/left margin]]

[[line]] Sunday Mar 17 [[line]] Cloudy Ther. 36 Max 47 Min 34 wind lt. SE. Bar. 29.772 Wind later goes to NW strong and by evening to SW squally Bar. 10 P.M. 29.840 [[line]] Monday Mar 18 [[line]] Ther. 34. Max 37. Min 34. Cloudy A.M. wind lt. S. freshens toward noon P.M. SE squally very strong spend day finishing angles in small harbor. 9 A.M Bar. 29.720 night snow & rain. Strong S.E. [[line]] Tuesday Mar. 19 [[line]] Ther. 38 Max. 59 Min. 38 Bar. 29.175 Clear - high SE by S wind. Spend A.M. & part of P.M. on observations of equal altitudes for time. Day fine, wind moderating early Late in P.M. - cloudy calm w light SE wind. 11 P.M. Bar. 29.280 Heavy rain [[line]] Wednesday Mar. 20 [[line]] Ther. 38. Max 45 Min 38 Bar. 29.340. Cloudy, rainy nearly calm. P.M. Cloudy with light showers. 29.474 Take up thermometer buried Feb. 9 and find a Max & Min temp of 33° for the earth during the intervening period. 2 1/2 feet below the surface. [[end page]] [[start page]] [[blank page]]

[[line]] Thursday Mar. 21, 1872 [[line]] Ther. 33. Max 49. Min 32. Bar 29.450. Morning cloudy, wind very light, variable. 10 A.M clears, day very fine - clear & calm. Obs. [[of?]] sun for time & getting ready for sea. [[line ]] Friday Mar. 22, 1872 [[line]] Morning Ther. 34 Max 38 Min 32 Bar. 28.972 Raining & snowing hard wind squally E later, moderates a little but continues squally all day. P.M. bar. 28.800 Wind lt S. nearly clear [[line]] Saturday Mar. 23 [[line]] Ther. 38, max 42 Min. 37 Bar. 29.150 Cloudy wind SW afterward W Reef off Kalekhta in one with NE end Unalga bearing East. Priest rock bearing S reef bears SW Kalekhta portage bears ENE [[concavity?]] S E head Kalekhta bay & W to Constantine Bay with portage from Unalga bear SW by W.1/2 W Two heads of Kalekhta Bay in line W Rock off Island outside of the pillar not on chart. Sailed at 8 A.M. for Coal Harbor Unga Id for a load of coal. Go through Unalga Pass. 10 P.M. Bar. 29.500 [[end page]] [[start page]] [[image - 2 landscape views. Triangle/rock? on both is marked a, below second a is ESE]] [[image label:]] Vesolova bearing WSW 1/2 W

[[line]] Sunday Mar. 24 [[line]] Morning cloudy, wind N to NE fresh Ther 37 Max 42 Min 37 Bar. 29.520 See the peaks of Unimak in the distance. The current takes us some 25 miles to the [[Sword?]]. P.M. Clear fine. Evening cloudy Bar. 29.480 Sea rough. [[line]] Monday Mar. 25 [[line]] Bar goes down to 29.000. Temp 37. 39. 37. Gale from NE with hail & high sea. Hove to all day & next night. [[line]] Tuesday Mar. 26 [[line]] Clears early in A.M. light NE wind & high sea. Bar 29.150. Ther 40. 42. 40. About noon nearly a calm, almost clear. sea gone down a good deal. [[line]] Wednesday Mar 27 [[line]] 11 P.M last night light air sprang up & still continues. Ther. 54. 40. Bar. 29.300, cloudy, fair. P.M. Fresh breeze from NE at 12 midnight heave to. [[line]] Thursday Mar 28 [[line]] NE gale, hove to all day by night make sail under double reefs Bar. 29.100 Ther 40. Night wind SE [[line]] Friday Mar. 29 [[line]] Under single reefs fresh SE wind [[end page]] [[start page]] [[blank page]]

Bar. 29.050. Ther. 42. Stand on until wind freshens & comes on thick & rainy when stand off S by W to avoid running on to the land in case of a S-easter. about 2 P.M sight land in NW & stand toward it, but see little until 3.30 P.M when it clears and we see two small island rocks or tops of peaks [[image - small drawing of two rocks/peaks]] bearing WNW. Cannot identify them and taking three sets of observations find we have been swept by the current more than sixty miles to the westward. PM pretty clear. Clouds up after sunset & bar sticks at 29.075 up to 7 P.M. Remain on deck all night and sight Unga about 2 a.m of [[line]] Saturday Mar. 30th [[line]] and shortly after make Nagai. Beat until 4.30 A.M. and then stand in, past Delaroff Harbor west of Popoffsky through the narrow passage between that island and Unga. In the straits after passing the sand-spit, the channel is in a direct line from the end of the latter to the outer end of the small island between Popoffsky & Unga. There is a [[end page]] [[start page]] [[image - small drawing of rocks above water]] [[strikethrough]] S [[/strikethrough]] W By S 3 miles rocks off Unga

reef on each side; after passing the point on which the western reef is situated, it may be well to stear a little to the westward still steering for the small islands western end. 5 1/2 fms are the [[shoalest?]]. There is a small harbor formed by the sandspit. Passed through and stood into Coal Harbor finding the reefs laid down on the chart as weedy shoals-out of water about a foot. Stand into new Harbor and anchor there Come in about 11 A.M. and anchor about 2 P.M. Day [[strikethrough]] [[f??]] [[/strikethrough]] cloudy with squalls of snow & high southerly wind. Later stormy. Bar. 29.050 Ther. 40 to 44. [[line]] Sunday Mar. 31, 1872 [[line]] Cloudy, strong southerly wind Bar. 29.200. Ther 42 Max 42 Min. 40 Hold a consultation with the officers and decide to give up the proposed trip to the westward, on account of the defects of the vessel in working and the great risk [[end page]] [[start page]] [[blank page]]

which would thereby be incurred. Decide to do as much as we can in Unalashka and come to the Shumagins to spend the rest of the season. P.M. windy & cloudy. Bar. same. [[line]] Monday April 1. 1872 [[line]] Bar. 28.610. Ther. 36 Max 38 Min. 34 Heavy NE gale, with half melted snow. P.M. moderates a little but Bar. goes down to 28.450 [[line]] Tuesday April 2 [[line]] Bar. 28.634. Ther. 38. Max 48. Min. 36. Light NW wind cloudy P.M with rain & snow squalls all hands busy getting out coal Bar. 8 PM 29.100 [[line]] Wednesday. April 3 [[line]] All hands go for coal. Harrington & I work over observations for [[dip? dep?]] and Latitude & Longitude on the sandspit on Round Island Bar 9 P.M. 29.700. Ther. 33. 48. 32. Bar 9 P.M. 29.850 Observe tide high in A.M. at 8.30 mean time low at 4.25 P.M below highest high water mark on rocks 7 ft 2 in below hw of A.M. four feet nearly Magnetic meridian 70.24 on lip circle. P.M a snow [[end page]] [[start page]] Working days in Mar .50 1.00 .50 .25 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 8.30 4.25

squall interrupts work on equal altitudes Day windy W&S [[line]] Thursday April 4 [[line]] Caton reports a heavy storm from E&S which accounts for our low Barometer. Bar. 29.640. Ther. 36 Max 42 Min 36. Stormy & rainy. Wind from SW to SE. Temp of water at 6 fms deep last night 37. [[okg? obj? obg?]] Bar. 9 P.M. 29.282 [[line]] Friday April 5 [[line]] Heavy Southwester blowing all day. Bar. 29.600. Ther. 40. 40. 34. All hands mining coal Rain and hail in squalls [[line]] Saturday April 6 [[line]] Heavy Southwester all day with hail & rain squalls. Ther. 34. 38. 32 Bar. 29.920. Evening winds shifts to NW. Bar. 30.420 Shipping coal. [[line]] Sunday April 7 [[line]] Stormy W wind all day half a gale. Ther. 32. 36. 32. Bar 30.334. Cloudy. Parhelia of sun in P.M. [[line]] Monday April 8 [[line]] Bar. [[strikethrough]]29[[/strikethrough]] 30.254. Ther. 35. 42. 36. Cloudy, wind lighter SW. Fresher in [[end page]] [[start page]] [[image - two landscape pencil drawings. Top one is marked, from left to right: SE by S, SSW. Lower one is marked WSW.]] [[image caption:]] Samganooda

the P.M. Magnetic observations on Round Island AM & PM. [[line]] Tuesday April 9, 1872 [[line]] Morning moderate, take in some chain when wind freshens & we conclude not to go to sea. Wind SW fresh to very strong, cloudy & clear at short intervals. Ther. 41. 45. 32. Bar. 30.000. P.M. heavy snow squalls lasting an hour & a half followed by clear & calm weather & then cloudy. 9 P.M. Barometer [[strikethrough]]29. [[strikethrough]] 30.050 [[line]] Wednesday April 10 [[line]] Wind fresh SSW to NW. Temp. 40. 41. 39. Bar. A.M 30.150. Cloudy we are obliged to wait for a fair wind as this is right in our teeth. P.M. bar. 30.120 [[line]] Thursday April 11 [[line]] Wind from SW to S squally all day. Temp. 40. 42. 38. Bar. 30.100 Evening breezes up with heavy squalls & rain from SSE. Bar. goes down to 29.864 at 9 P.M [[line]] Friday April 12 [[line]] Heavy SW wind still blowing There. 38. 39. 35. Bar. 29.750. Cloudy & sunshine by turns with rain & snow squalls [[end page]] [[start page]] [[blank page]]

[[line]] Saturday April 13 [[line]] Morning moderate wind SSW. lt. noon breezes up from South P.M. strong SSE, gale by 9 P.M. Ther. 40. 42. 38. Bar 30.122. 9 P.M. Bar 29.864. [[line]] Sunday April 14 [[line]] Cloudy. Early A.M. Nearly calm then breezes up as it has done every day for a week, into half a gale from S, with squalls of rain or snow. Ther. 38. 42. 38 Bar. 29.802. 9 P.M. Bar. 29.660. [[line]] Monday April 15. Morning cloudy high SSW wind Ther. 40. 46. 39. Bar. 29.808. Spend day running coast line of new harbor with telemeter. Bar. 9 P.M. 29.486 Wind fresh from SSE One heavy snow squall in P.M. [[line]] Tuesday April 16 [[line]] Rainy & snowy all day. A.M. wind E light. later NE P.M calm. Ther. 37. 37. 35. Bar A.M. 29.234. 9 P.M 28.920. [[line]] Wednesday Apr. 17 [[line]] Strong N wind. Sail from Coal Harbor at 8 A.M & go around Unga by the [[end page]] [[start page]] [[image - pencil drawing of landscape]] [[drawing caption:]] SE New Harbor.

western passage instead of beating through the other way Ther. 35. 37. 31. Bar. 29.020 On leaving the E [[W is overwritten by E]] side of Unga a heavy NW gale comes on and after struggling against it for some time we are obliged to heave to after shipping one sea which nearly filled her forward Stormy, snowy later sun comes out but obliged to lay to till midnight. [[line]] Thursday April 18 [[line]] Morning. Ther. 35. 37. 32. Bar 29.140. Wind strong NW jogging along under reefed sails Cloudy. P.M wind lighter abt W. Evening very light. Bar. 29.220 [[line]] Friday April 19 [[line]] Morning pleasant, wind light SW, half cloudy. Ther. 34. 37 30. Bar. 29.180 Noon squally with snow. P.M. half cloudy squally. Bar. 29.260 [[line]] Saturday April 20 [[line]] Morning cloudy. Nearly dead calm Ther. 37. 37. 32 Bar. 29.260 Same weather as yesterday but wind hauls a little fairer in P.M. Bar. 29.360 [[end page]] [[start page]] [[blank page]]

[[line]] Sunday April 21, 1872 [[line]] Ther. 41. 44. 35. Bar 29.500. Half cloudy, wind moderate, west. After meridian stand on a pretty fair course toward the Akutan pass. [[line]] Monday April 22 [[line]] Ther. 37. 42. 34. Bar. 29.588. Half cloudy 2 miles off Priest Rock SW half west 35 fathoms E end of Unalga bearing E half N. Wind light SW & SSW. P.M. off Captain's Bay. dead calm. Becalmed off Captains Bay Priest Rk bearing S 1/4 W Cascade W side do SW E Chika Id E by S Sound in 59 fms soft bottom. Casella dp. sea ther no at 58 fms reads 26 38 " " " " 28 " " 27.5° 36° Deeper one is no. 13591 Upper do 13597 Air 44. Surface water 38 Evening. SE wind quite fresh beat in and anchor about 11 P.M. [[line]] Tuesday April 23 [[line]] SE storm with rain. Bar. 29.398 Ther. 43.3.38 P.M. SW with very heavy squalls. Bar. P.M. 29.500 [[end page]] [[start page]] [[image - pencil drawing of landscape]] [[drawing label:]] Middle Amaknak

[[line]] Wednesday Apr. 24, 72 [[line]] Ther. 41. 42 38. Bar. 29.684 Cloudy with high squalls rain & snow from SW. Noon calmer. Bar. 29.800. 10 P.M Bar. 29.500 high SE wind rain & squalls. [[line]] Thursday Apr. 25 [[line]] Ther. 41. 44. 34 Bar. 29.626 More moderate but very similar weather, cloudy with strong squalls at intervals from SW [[line]] Friday April 26 [[line]] Ther. 42. 46. 36. Bar. 29.828 Weather similar to yesterday but evening more moderate [[line]] Saturday April 27 [[line]] Ther. 37. 49. 34. Bar. 29.772 Cloudy calm, snowing lightly. [[line]] Sunday, April 28 [[line]] Ther. 34. 47. 32. BAr. 29.740 Day half cloudy. Calm & fine wind in P.M. light SE. P.M. bar. 29.784 [[line]] Monday. April 29 [[line]] Ther. 35. 47. 33 - Bar. 29.784 Clear calm fine, a little skim ice formed last night in small harbor. Observations for time A.M. & P.M. Telemeter observations on Iliuliuk reef. P.M 1/2 cloudy wind N.W. 4. Bar. 29.852 [[end page]] [[start page]] [[image - pencil drawing of landscape]]

[[line]] Tuesday April 30th 1872 [[line]] Ther. 36. 38 34. Bar. 29.900 Cloudy, some hail squalls. Wind fresh NNW. Later Heavy snowstorm 9 P.M. Bar. 30.000. [[line]] Wednesday May 1, 1871 [[line]] Ther. 35. 42. 32. Bar. [[strike through]] 29[[/strike through]] 30.060. Cloudy, snowing. Wind light W. Snows all day. P.M. Bar. 30.188 [[line]] Thursday May 2 [[line]] Ther. 41. 42. 32. Bar. 29.984 Cloudy snowing lightly at intervals Calm. P.M. wind fresh SE var. falling. more snow. Evening SE very strong with melting snow Bar. 29.624. [[line]] Friday May 3 [[line]] Ther. A.M. 37. 44. 35. Cloudy some rain. Bar. 29.200. SE wind fresh with calm intervals. Observations on the today current setting in through S Amaknak straits develop the fact that it now runs at about the rate of 3 knots an hour. The float passed over a line 270 feet long in one minute, when the flood tide was coming in with it's greatest rapidity. Capt. Hennig in the Hutchinson in 1869 bound for St Michaels in June encountered field ice [[end page]] [[start page]] 60)6000 ------ 100

in the latitude of Cape Romanzoff and about half way between the main land and the islands. It was in a band about 100 miles broad extending east & west to St Lawrence & Cape Romanzoff. At the same time Captain Smith went to the westward of St. Lawrence and found all clear of ice. Capt Hennig after passing through this ice which was very soft & rotten found clear water to the north of it. P.M. Bar. 29.330 Wind light S. half clear [[line]] Saturday May 4 [[line]] Ther. 36. 54. 42. Bar. 29.450. Cloudy calm. Later P.M. SE. light. Capt Giles informs me that the Southern entrance of Isanotsky pass though narrow is very deep, at least 50 fms without bottom, a few rocks close in to the East head. The tides run very swiftly in this passage. The flood tide from the south is always more powerful than the reverse The Northern entrance is very shoal. The channel is close to the Unimak side and is often changed or even closed for a [[end page]] [[start page]] [[blank page]]

short time by the drifting sand which forms the bottom, when heavy northers occur. There is about one fathom water in it the sloop Jabes Howes drawing 4 feet 2 in had gone through, & the Lizzie Sha, drawing 3 feet 6 in. He did not think the Humbolt drawing eight feet could get through. The tides resemble those of Unalashka. There are no tide rips. P.M. Bar. 29.600 Visit and repair signals. [[line]] Sunday May 5 [[line]] Ther. 42. 52. 38 29.580 Wind ESE. Heavy rainstorm with fresh squalls all day. 9 P.M. Bar 29.580 [[line]] Monday May 6 [[line]] Ther. 38. 46. 41. Bar. 29.144. Wind SE. heavy rains & squalls all day a little more moderate in P.M. Bar. 29.162 [[line]] Tuesday May 7 [[line]] Ther. 36. 48. 41. Bar. 29.164 Half cloudy calm with showers in early am. later half clear with SW puffs or squalls at intervals. Spend the whole day sounding in Iliuliuk Harbor and its approaches. P.M. Bar. 29.400 [[line]] Wednesday May 8 [[line]] Bar. 29.522. Ther. 39. 48. 36. Wind squally southwest with rain. P.M. [[end page]] [[start page]] [[blank page]]

min ceases and I go out and repair various signals which have suffered from the weather. Eveing SW wind fresh. with rain. 29.490 [[line]] Thursday May 9 [[line]] Ther. 46. 53. 38. Bar. 29.440. Cloudy with a little rain, calm Finish soundings in small harbor P.M. Telemeter observations on the reef near D and on the East side of South Amaknak Straits. It begins to rain about 3.30 P.M. but we continue at work till 4.30. P.M. wind light NW. Bar. 9. P.M. 29.425. [[line]] Friday May 10 [[line]] Ther. 36. 49. 43. Bar. 29.380 Cloudy, foggy, with fine rain. wind light NW. Rain continues all day. P.M. wind W. lt. 9 P.M. Bar. 29.720 [[line]] Saturday May 11 [[line]] Ther. 36. 52. 41. Bar. 29.820 A.M. cloudy light S wind. P.M. half clear. Fresh SE wind. Telemeter observations on Unalashka and S Amaknak rocks, occupy the day. 9 P.M. bar. 29.870 [[line]] Sunday may 12 [[line]] ESE storm with snow, rain & heavy squalls Ther. 37. 42. 35. Bar. 29.270. Noon moderates, and finally dead calm, cloudy 28.950 [[end page]] [[start page]] [[blank page]]

[[line]] Monday May 13, 72 [[line]] Ther. 42. 45. 36. Bar. 29.054. Wind NW fresh with rain. Toward noon very high squalls with heavy rain and snow. P.M. rainy, more moderate wind SW. Bar. 9 P.M. 29.460. [[line]] Tuesday May 14 [[line]] Ther. 35. 40. 32. Bar. 29.468 Stormy snowing furiously, Wind W. abt. noon changes to SW. Evening wind high cloudy. Bar. 29.760. [[line]] Wednesday May 15 [[line]] Ther. 35. 45. 33. Bar. 29.634. Strong high west wind with clouds. P.M. a little more moderate but wind still high. Magnetic observations for dip & intensity. Bar. 9 P.M. 29.500 [[line]] Thursday May 16 [[line]] Ther. 38. 52. 33. Bar. 30.050. Cloudy strong north wind. At work on W side Amaknak Island with telemeter all day. Moderates toward evening Bar. 29.980. [[line]] Friday May 17 [[line]] A.M. Ther. 39. 47. 35. Bar. 29.788 Cloudy light snow falling at intervals, with light northerly wind. [[line]] Saturday May 18 [[line]] Ther. 37. 45. 40. Bar. 29.810. Take angles from ΔA 1 Albatross inlet driven in by snow [[end page]] [[start page]] M [[Caesarevitch? Caesarovitch?]] May [[1?I?]]Rocks, seen by him in Lon. 158.50W Lat 55.15N differs from Archimandritoffs position

Wind N - with snow squalls all day. Cloudy. Bar. 9 P.M. 29.820 [[line]] Sunday May 19 1872 [[line]] Ther. 37. 42. 35. Bar 29.840. Cloudy strong NNW wind P.M. bar. 29.754 Copy from Capt Mays log, Lat. noon June 25 1869 - 54°.22' Chournobour Id bore NW by N by compass dist 25 miles. Course NE. Lon. 159°.21". [[line]] June 26 [[line]] 8.30 P.M. made two rocks above water bearing NW by compass dist about 8 miles. [[strikethrough]](foggy) [[/strikethrough]]. Lat. about 55.15 & Long about 158.50. Began fresh breeze from SW. later 6 P.M. wind moderate, hazy. (running an average of 5 knots) changed course on to SE. Vessel ship Caesarevitch Rocks appear doubtful Day squally with snow & rain at intervals [[line]] Monday May 20 [[line]] Ther. 42. 45. 35. Bar. 29.748. Cloudy & snowsqualls with northerly wind in A.M. P.M. more moderate. Angles from Albatross station & running shoreline to Stillwater - interrupted by snow. Bar. P.M. 29.840. [[line]] Tuesday May 21 [[line]] Ther. 39. 44. 34. Bar. 29.840 Cloudy [[end page]] [[start page]] [[blank page]]

light W. wind. Start for North Head signal and finish the angles from that point & run the shoreline of half of Indian Bay. Weather rather quiet fresh west wind but little sea and constant clouds of heavy fog keep coming up wetting every thing so that we have to stop observing at last. P.M. 29.742. [[line]] Wednesday May 22 [[line]] Cloudy. light. W wind heavy soft rain pouring down steadily. Ther. 41.46.37. Bar. 29.510. P.M. Bar. 29.498. [[line]] Thursday May 23 [[line]] Wind shifts to East with a fresh puffy wind, heavy steady rain & fog. Ther. 37.46.42. Bar. 29.562 9 P.M. Bar. 29.664. [[line]] Friday May 24 [[line]] Wind light. ESE all day - with a constant succusion of light showers but no fog. Ther. 37.52.46. Bar. 29.720. 9 P.M. Bar. 29.866 [[line]] Saturday May 25 [[line]] Ther. 43.49.39. Bar. 29.888. Cloudy calm, about noon light N air. Later fresh NW. Work all day running shoreline on north side of Ulakhta head and in Indian Bay. Evening var. 9 P.M. 29.946. Clear. [[end page]] [[start page]] [[blank page]]

----- Sunday May 26. 1872 ----- Ther. 46.58.37. Bar.29.900 - sky cloudy - calm - Noon clear light northerly wind - changes in P.M to W & SW - rather fresh - half cloudy - Bar 9 P.M. 29.882 Obs, for time in P.M. ----- Monday May 27 ----- Ther. 48.56.40. Bar. 29.9.34. Clear obs. for time. Light N wind, fresh at intervals. A fog bank in the north but not a cloud all day. Topographical work with telemeter on middle Amaknak & the P.M. obs. for time take up the day. Bar. P.M 29.918. clear Calm. ----- Tuesday May 28 ---- Ther.38. 44.60 - Bar. 29.878. Clear light NE air with occasional fresh puffs. Later in day a few light clouds and wind shifts more to the eastward. Angles from Stillwater station in A.M. completed in P.M. from Keystone station also completed. Evening light SE breeze - nearly clear - Bar 29.800 ----- Wednesday May 29 ----- Cloudy, rainy wind E. Ther 44 54 42. Bar. 29.724. P.M. not [[end page]] [[start page]] Riedell. Thermometers. Tide book. Rain guage. Receipt. [[strikethrough]] Raymonds [[/strikethrough]] map of Yukon. Smith fine shirt.

so rainy, squally, wind shifts to N with heavy black clouds. Platting all day. P.M. Bar. 29.722 [[line]] Thursday May 30 [[line]] Ther. 43. 48. 41. Bar 29.722 Cloudy, some rain, Strong NW wind. Squally, shifting to WNW at night. Bar. 9 P.M. 29.880. Platting all day [[line]] Friday May 31 [[line]] Ther. 43. 47. 41. Bar. 29.825 Cloudy with squally NW wind and occasional rain squalls. P.M run the shoreline of Amaknak from Ulakhta to Round Top. 9 P.M. Bar. 29.864 [[line across page]] Open new notebook [[end page]] [[start page]] Work to be done Copy notes 1st book √June √ & 2nd [[ditto for: book]] √ " [[Ditto for: June]] √ Copy angles in book √ " [[Ditto for: June]] √ & abstracts √ " [[Ditto for: June]] √ Descr. signals made up Δ computations. √June √ √ Outside tidal obs. √ Platting temps & √ barometer √ Platting currents √ Copy Unga obs in 4 to √ Platting angles √ Copy tel. obs. \ Sketches headlands. Tidal obs. Iliuliuk compl √ Magnetic obs. June√ Cut in benchmark √ Copy tidal table. Plat rem. of Iliuliuk chart. Write out ethnol. Soundings copy

[[blank page]] [[end page]] [[start page]] [[blank page]]

Copying Angles. copied to Dec - [[insertion]] [[strikethrough]] Mar [[/insertion]] [[/strikethrough]] with abstracts do_ Notes " " [[Dittos for: copied to]] Jan - Feb. Mar. Meteorology in book to Mar. & on sheets Current obs. in comp. book. in 4 [[superscript]] to [[/superscript]] copy for notes [[strikethrough]] or [[/strikethrough]] in roughplotting on chart. Tides (Registers overhauled to Jan - Mar. completed Water temp. Copied into [[superscript]] to [[/superscript]] book & in log. [[end page] [[start page]] [[blank page]]

[[circle]] √ Going over charts with Hennig. [[circle]] Meteorological data from priest. Topographical sketches. 1 [[strikethrough]] Copying sketches of headland [[/strikethrough]] √ Jan.16. [[strikethrough]] Deep sea leads to be got ready [[/strikethrough]] √ [[circle]] √ [[strikethrough]] Other dredge to be got ready. [[/strikethrough]] [[circle]] √ Packing up remainder of collections. Angles. Prepare book for new ones √ √ √ [[circle]] √ Telemetric obs & soundings small harbor. [[circle]] See Gregorie about Aleut names. [[end page]] [[start page]] [[strikethrough]] Outside tidal observations. [[/strikethrough]] √ [[circle]] Erecting new signals. Eider vill [[strikethrough]] Remeasure small base. [[/strikethrough]] √ Correlate bench marks & have my own cut in. [[circle]] [[vertical line]] ? [[strikethrough]] Current observations in √mouth of small harbor. [[/strikethrough]] [[circle]] [[circle]] Repair barometer [[strikethrough]] Magnetic observations [[/strikethrough]]

Work to be done √ notes to be copied to date √to Dec 31. 71. To Feb 9 Mar 1. √ Descriptions of signals. to Jan 20√ √ Computations of triangles. √Dec.31. [[strikethrough]] √ Computation of tidal register Oct√ Nov√ Dec√ Jan√ [[/strikethrough]] Plotting temperatures & barometer. Rough notes to Dec.31. corr.√ [[strikethrough]] √ Plotting current chart √ Rough notes of up voyage √ [[/strikethrough]] [[strikethrough]] Plotting ordinales of currents. √ Rough notes of up voyage. [[/strikethrough]] [[circle]] √ Plotting angles & topography [[strikethrough]] [[circle]] √ Overhauling & signing tidal register. overhauled to Dec. 21. [[/strikethrough]] [[strikethrough]] Pay rolls to March 31st. √ [[/strikethrough]] [[end page]] [[start page]] 1/2 3/4 5/6 7/8 9/ 66 x9 ---- 594 5.7 ---- 651 57 ft 8 in 2.29447 9.99996 ------- 443 594 16.0 --- 434 300 --- 73.4 434 divided by 160 = 2 remainder 114 584 divided by 11 = 53 remainder not calculated 434 divided by 11 = 39 1/2 remainder 5 97 divided by 30 = 323 no remainder calculated 651 - 646 = 5 63.12.60 51.51.30 -------- 11.21.30 1532 170 ---- 1702 42.45 99.10.40 107 24 40 68 23 ---------- 337 43 20 Rufe 4.70} [[CS?]] George 1.50} [[gift?]] 1.50 Bendel

[[image-- landscape drawing with mountains in background]] [[end page]] [[start page]] [[image - pricing sticker?]] [[image - map, river mouth with four buildings and an object in the river; one building represented flying a flag]] [[some random math calculations are overwritten on map image:]] 24*80=1920 130*24=520+260=3120 594-160=434 160 div by 9 = 17 remainder 7 80 93 + 13354 = 15[[overwrite]]3[[overwrite]]449 [[overwrite]]3[[overwrite]] 70 div by 32 = 21 20 x 42 = 840 434 = 300 = 73.4 17 90309 + 99961 = 1.90270 S9763 546 39 div by 546 = 7[[overwrite]]0[[overwrite]]1

[[Back cover]]