Field Notes, 1880 (2 of 2)

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[[blank page]] [[end page]] [[start page]] Notebook No. 2. 1880. Wm. H. Dall. Act'g. Asst. U.S. C. & G. Survey In charge Schr. Yukon. [[line]] Sunday Aug. 22nd, [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. | Bar. | Dct Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water | Wind. 4 A.M. | 30.17 | 48.5 | 48.5 | 49 | 49 | Calm 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .18 | 49 | 50 | 50 | 49 | " [[ditto for: Calm]] 12 M. | .19 | 51 | 51.5 | 52 | 50.5 | " [[ditto for: Calm]] 4 P.M. | .19 | 53 | 53 | 53.5 | 51 | " [[ditto for: Calm]] 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .15 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 51 | " [[ditto for: Calm]] 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .10 | 48.5 | 51 | 50.5 | 50 | NE [[/table]] Day half clear, more cloudy toward evening. Wind light or none. Being becalmed about ten miles to the NE from our anchorage at Cape Lisburne, we anchor temporarily about two miles off shore, waiting a wind. In the afternoon put to, sea again. While at anchor the vessel tailed to the W.& S. but the current appeared to be very moderate. [[line]] Monday Aug 23 [[line]] [[table]] 4 A.M. | 30.01 | 47 | 48 | 48.5 | 48 | NE 8 A.M. | 29.96 | 43.5 | 48 | 48.5 | 48 | " [[ditto for: NE]] 12 M. | .90 | 46 | 47.5 | 47.5 | 47.5 | NNE. [[/table]]

2 [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. | Bar. | Dct Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. |Water | Wind 4 P.M. | 29.86 | 43.5 | 44.5 | 44.5 | 47.5 | NNE 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .79 | 44.5 | 46.5 | 46.5 | 47.5 | " [[ditto for: NNE]] 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .75 | 43.0 | 43.5 | 44.0 | 46.0 | " [[ditto for: NNE]] [[/table]] Strong NE gales all day with very uncomfortable short choppy sea. Sky overcast,with some fog. [[line]] Tuesday Aug. 24/80 [[line]] [[table]] 4 A.M. | 29.75 | 44 | 45.5 | 45.5 | 46.5 | NNE 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .75 | 46 | 46.5 | 47.0 | 46.0 | " [[Ditto for: NNE]] 12 M. | .79 | 47.5 | 49.5 | 49.5 | 47.5 | E 4 P.M. | .81 | 50 | 52.0 | 52 | 46.0 | ESE 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .87 | 49 | 49.5 | 50 | 46.5 | ENE 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .89 | 47 | 49.0 | 48.5 | 46.0 | NE [[/table]] Weather overcast, wind light. The land as far as the eye can reach seems absolutely flat with no signs of the hills indicated on the chart and no landmarks of any description. The offshore spit reaches ten or twelve feet above high water mark with occasional grassy sand dunes six to ten feet higher, and of small extent. Sticks of drift wood or whaleribs have been set up in many places by the natives, probably to serve as landmarks in their travels along the coast. The marks of their camps and abandoned houses are not infrequent. [[end page]] [[start page]] 3 [[line]] Wednesday Aug. 25/80 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. | Bar. | Dct Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. |Water | Wind 4 A.M. | 29.91 | 44 | 48.5 | 48.5 |46 | NE 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .96 | 45 | 46.5 | 46.5 |44.5 | " [[ditto for: NE]] 12 M. | .98 | 45 | 48.0 | 47.5 |44.5 | " [[ditto for: NE]] 4 P.M. | .98 | 51 | 53.5 | 53.0 |45 | " [[ditto for: NE]] 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] |30.00 |45 | 46.0 | 46.5 |45 | " [[ditto for: NE]] 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .02 | 45 | 45.0 | 45.0 |45 | " [[ditto for: NE]] [[/table]] Weather mostly cloudy in early A.M.; Later more than half clear. Wind moderate steady stand in to the coast and send a boat ashore for observations as the weather is propitious. Anchor a mile and a half off shore about 10 A.M. Observations for time, latitude, declination, dip & intensity. About 4 P.M. observations ended, weigh anchor and stand to the northward. A whale carcass, passed by us [[strikethrough]] , [[/strikethrough]] about 7 A.M. about ten miles to the southward of our anchorage had drifted up to us by the time we weighed anchor. Early in the A.M. spoke bark Dawn, Hickmot, with 6 whales who had seen the cutter (to the westward probably) about a week previous. The whalers are all doing well this season. They thought we could hardly get beyond Pt. Belcher on account of the pack ice.

4 [[line]] Thursday, Aug.26, 1880 [[line]] [[page includes table with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. | Bar. | Dct Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. |Water.| Wind. 4 A.M. | 30.05 | 43.5 | 44 | 44 | 44.5 | NE 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .08 | 46 | 46 | 46.5 | 45 | " [[ditto for: NE]] 12 M. | .10 | 45 | 46 | 46.5 | 45 | " [[ditto for: NE]] 4 P.M. | .00 | 46 | 47 | 47.5 | 45.5 | " [[ditto for: NE]] 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .08 | 45 | 46.5 | 47. | 45 | " [[ditto for: NE]] 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .10 | 45 | 49 | 48.5 | 44.5 | " [[ditto for: NE]] [[/table]] Weather mostly overcast, wind moderate steady. Came upon the S.E. edge of the pack about 2 A.M. while beating to the northward. Several whalers in sight. Pass several carcasses of whales stripped of their blubber and some small pieces of drift ice. About 3 P.M. spoke and boarded bark Hunter, Capt. Fisher of New Bedford with eleven whales one of which was cutting. A twelfth was being pursued as we left her, and was afterward taken. A little later speak to the U.S.S. Corwin from Pt. Barrow where she succeeded in getting, but reports only a quarter of a mile between the ice & the shore at the SeaHorse Islands. The capt. of the Hunter reported the ice in our vicinity as having moved inshore 15 [[strikethrough]] f [[/strikethrough]] miles within 24 hours. Capt. Hooper got within a few miles of Herald Id. but had no news to report. [[end page]] [[start page]] 5 In view of the movements of the ice I decide to anchor and await further developements. Anchor about a mile offshore a little to the Northward and eastward of Pt. Belcher. Native canoes come alongside and we purchase a little fresh meat. [[line]] Friday Aug. 27/80. [[line]] [[page includes table with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. | Barom.| Dct Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. |Water.| Wind. 4 A.M. | 30.09 | 42 | 45.0 | 45 | 44.5 | NE 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .08 | 41.5 | 44.5 | 44.5 | 45 | " [[ditto for: NE]] 12 M. | .04 | 41 | 42.5 | 42.5 | 45 | " [[ditto for: NE]] 4P.M. | 29.98 | 41 | 42.5 | 43. | 44.5 | " [[ditto for: NE]] 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .93 | 40 | 40.5 | 41. | 44.5 | " [[ditto for: NE]] 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .85 | 39 | 42.0 | 43. | 43.5 | " [[ditto for: NE]] [[/table]] Weather overcast. One glimpse of sun in P.M. but mostly foggy. Wind fresh & raw from the ice to the northward. Observations for dip intensity and magnetic azimuth. Astronomical observations fail from want of sunshine. There is much fragmentary coal on the beach, apparently pushed up by the pack ice from the bottom of the sea. Draw the seine but get only one or two small sculpin. In P.M. speak the steam whaler Mary & Helen, Capt. Owen

6 of New Bedford with 22 whales. He reports that the ice moved in three miles last night. Most of the fleet have come inshore and are in sight, all apparently doing well. Evening, wind lighter, foggy. Got two obs. for time from ships in P.M. The current is strong here to the northward and eastward especially with the tide flowing. [[line]] Saturday Aug. 28/80 [[line]] [[page includes table with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. | Bar. | Dct Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. |Water.| Wind. 4 A.M. | 29.75 | 40 | 44.5 | 45 |44.5 | NE 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .69 | 40 | 41 | 41 |43 | " [[ditto for: NE]] 12 M. | .63 | 41 | .42.5 | 42.5 |45 | " [[ditto for: NE]] 4 P.M. | .64 | 40 | 42 | 42 |42 | NNE 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .69 | 39.5 | 41.5 | 41 |40 | " [[ditto for: NNE]] 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .78 | 40.5 | 42.5 | 42.5 |45 | " [[ditto for: NNE]] [[/table]] Morning overcast, wind fresh, barometer falling. As the ice is reported by all as moving in toward the coast, and no prospect within a reasonable time of reaching Point Barrow, the weather, is unfavorable for further observations here and promises worse rather than better, and the wind is fair for the south where much more work remains to be done, I decide to sail from Pt. Belcher, southward, at once. [[end page]] [[start page]] 7 Sail at 9 AM. Pass Icy Cape about 5 P.M. Work over records. [[line]] Sunday Aug. 29/80 [[line]] [[page includes table with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. | Bar. | Dct Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. |Water. | Wind. 4 A.M. | 29.79 | 39.5 | 40 | 40.5 |45 | NNE 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .82 | 40. | 42 | 42 |47 1/2 | " [[ditto for NNE]] 12 M. | .81 | 43. | 46 | 46 |49 1/2 | " [[ditto for: NNE]] 4 P.M. | .77 | 43.5 | 46 | 46 |49 1/2 | N 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .71 | 46 |49 | 49 |50 | NNE 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .69 | 47 | 48 | 48.5 |50 |NE by E [[/table]] Morning overcast, sun out at times during the day. Wind fresh sometimes squally. At 11 A.M. pass Cape Lisburne where it wooleys heavily inshore. At 3 P.M. pass Pt. Hope off which is a rip, due to tide & current. The Corwin and an unknown schooner (Loleta, Dexter, S. Ids) are laying under the lee of Pt. Hope. Both are tailing with the wind showing that the current in there is not very strong at times. Keep on toward Chamisso Harbor. Work over records. Late in evening the wind begins to die away.

8 [[line]] Monday Aug 30/80 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time | Barom. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water | Wind 4 A.M. | 29.64 | 46.5 | 47.5 | 48 | 50.5 | Calm 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .61 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 51.0 | NE 12 M. | .59 | 47 | 49.5 | 49.5 | 51.5 | Calm 4 P.M. | .52 | 50 | 53 | 53 | 52.5 | WNW 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .51 | 46 | 49.5 | 49.5 | 51.0 | " [[ditto for: WNW]] 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .52 | 46 | 48.5 | 48.5 | 51.5 | " [[ditto for: WNW]] [[/table]] Morning nearly calm, later fresh airs. Weather half clear. At noon, near Cape Krusenstern. Later in the day get observations for time while in the meridian of the Cape. Wind freshens at night Cape low with a gray bluff behind it. [[line]] Tuesday Aug. 31st [[line]] [[table]] 4 A.M | 29.50 | 43.5 | 46 | 46 | 51 | WNW 8 " [[ditto for: A.M]] | .48 | 44.0 | 46 | 46 | 48.5 | " [[ditto for: WNW]] 12 M | .48 | 45.5 | 48.5 | 48.5 | 49 | " [[ditto for: WNW]] 4 P.M | .46 | 49.5 | 49.5 | 49.5 | 48.5 | WSW 8 " [[ditto for: P.M]] | .46 | 46.5 | 48 | 48 | 49.5 | " [[ditto for: WSW]] 12 " [[ditto for: P.M]] | .46 | 44.5 | 47 | 46 | 48 | " [[ditto for: WSW]] [[/table]] Weather overcast with glimpses of sunlight especially in the afternoon. Wind fresh to moderate. About 6 A.M. anchor in Chamisso Harbor, Eschscholtz Bay Kotzebue Sound. Get obs. for time latitude declination dip & intensity and to fix station, on the [[end page]] [[start page]] 9 spit of Chamisso Id. The highest point of the island is marked by a hewn driftwood stick, bearing the following inscriptions, "H.B.M.S. Blossom, Sept. 1826; H.B.M.S. Herald, 1848; H.B.M.S. Plover July 1849; U.S.S. Corwin 1880"; to which was added "U.S.S. Yukon 1880." On another shorter stick was engraved [[Russian Cyrillic letters]] Р.А.H. ЭHCПEДИЦІЯ [[/Cyrillic]] 1838 [[Cyrillic letters]] cч [[/Cyrillic]] 29 [[Cyrillic letters]] abг [[/Cyrillic]]. 10 [[Cyrillic letters]] ceнb [[/Cyrillic]]" or "Russian American Company's (Kashevaroff's) expedition, from Aug 29 to Sept 10, 1838" A board has been attached to this marked "H.M.S. Plover, Aug 1851, a bottle 10 ft Mag [[superscript]] n [[/superscript]] North"; other parties had recorded on this board, "Victoria" "Fanny 1865" and "B(ark) Oliver Crocker 1865"; the wood which seems to have stood here fifty four years was in good preservation. The bottle had probably contained information, if any Franklin survivors should find it for their finding buried stores. The island is of mica schist and gneiss with some quartz dykes. Blueberries, Rubus chamǣmorus, service berries, etc. were ripe, cranberries not quite ripe. Dwarf birch alder and willow were noticed growing on the island.

10 [[line]] Wednesday Sept. 1st/80 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. | Bar. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. |Water | Wind 4 A.M. | 29.46 | 43.5 | 45 | 45 | 47.5 | W 12 M. | .59 | 45.0 | 48 | 48 | 48.0 | Squally 8 P.M. | .64 | 44.5 | 45 | 45 | 47.5 | W by S [[/table]] Weather cloudy with glimpses of sun. wind fresh making a choppy sea, to avoid which we weigh anchor at 9.30 A.M. and stand across under the lee of Choris Peninsula, where it is not much better. Anchor there about 10.30 A.M. Work on Monthly Reports & journals. Send the boat ashore for water but it proves not good. Wind too high for field work. Rains in P.M. [[line]] Thursday Sept 2nd [[line]] [[table]] 4 A.M. | 29.68 | 44 | 44 | 44.5 | 47.5 | W by S 12 M. | .75 | 44 | 46 | 45.5 | 49.5 | SW 8 P.M. | .76 | 44.5 | 47 | 47.0 | 49.0 | " [[ditto for: SW]] [[/table]] Weather cloudy with showers in A.M. Half clear in P.M. Wind puffy, fresh to moderate. Tide low at 10 A.M. high at 4 P.M. Rise & fall between three and four feet. Take the vessel over toward the main shore and anchor there before [[strikethrough]] for [[/strikethrough]] breakfast. About 10:15 start in the large cutter for the shore with the intention of viewing the celebrated [[end page]] [[start page]] 11 ice cliffs first described by Kotzebue. Land on a small low point near some old huts and proceed along the beach about a mile, the banks or bluffs being chiefly of volcanic breccia or a slaty rock of gneissoid texture. They were from fifty to fifteen feet in height above the sea, rising into low hilly slopes behind; nowhere rising into peaks, and probably nowhere over 600 feet in height. A change then took place in the character of the banks. From reddish volcanic rock they changed into a grayish clay largely intermixed with vegetable matter; in places intermixed, in other places forming a stratum in the clay. Near the beginning of these clay banks, where they were quite low, i.e. not rising to a brow of over 20 feet, one layer of sphagnum containing marl of freshwater shells (among which were Pisidium and Valvata) was noticed. This layer was some six inches thick. The clay was of a very tough consistency, and though wet did not yield much, under the feet. The breaking of the

12 Thursday Sept 2nd. cont. sea against the foot of these banks and the undermining that follows, causes them to fall down and the rough irregular talus that results, is mingled with turf and bushes from the surface above. A little further on a surface of ice was noticed. It appeared to be solid and free from mixture of soil except except on the outside Further on the same phenomenon was encountered again on a larger scale and this continued about two miles and a half to Elephant Pt. and there the higherland turns to the S & W and we followed it no further. For a considerable distance the "cliffs" were double. That is there was an ice face exposed near the beach, with a small talus in front of it, and covered with a coating of soil two or three feet thick on which a luxuriant vegetation was growing. All this might be thirty feet in height, and climbing to the brow of the bank the rise from that brow proves to be broken, hummocky, and full of crevices and holes, in fact a second talus on a larger scale, ascending to the foot of a second ice face above which [[end page]] [[start page]] 13 was a thin (1 - 2 1/2 feet) layer of soil covered with herbage. The brow of the second bluff might be eighty feet or more above the sea. Thence the land rose slowly and gradually to a rounded ridge, reaching a height of three or four hundred feet only at a distance of several miles from the sea and with no mountains or other high land about it whatever. At the highest part of this ridge within a quarter to a half a mile from the sea perhaps 250 feet above the sea, at a depth of a foot we came to a solidly frozen stratum, consisting chiefly of sphagnum and vegetable mould but containing goodsized lumps of clear ice. There seemed no reason to doubt that the extension of the digging would have brought us to the solid clear ice such as was visible at the face of the bluff below. That is that the ridge itself was chiefly composed of solid ice overlaid with clay and vegetable mould. It was noticeable that there was much less clay other the top of the upper iceface than was

14 Thursday, Sept. 2nd, cont? visible over the lower one, or over the single face when the land and bluff were low, near the beach. There was also less vegetable matter, apparently. Near the beach six or eight feet of clay was observed in some places, without counting what might be considered as talus matter from farther up the hillside. Only in one place did we notice some fine reddish gravel, and nowhere in the talus or strata any stones. The iceface near the beach was not uniform. In many places it was covered with clay to the water's edge. In others, where the bank was less than ten feet high, the turf had bent, without breaking, when undermined and curving over, presented a mossy and herbaceous front quite to high water mark. The ice in general had a semi stratified appearance as if it still retained the horizontal plane in which it originally congealed. The surface was always dirtied from dirty water from the soil above, &c. The dirt was however merely superficial. The outer inch [[end page]] [[start page]] 15 or two of the ice seemed granular or like compacted hail and was sometimes whitish. The inside was solid and transparent or slightly yellow tinged (like peat water) but never greenish or bluish like glacier ice. But in many places the ice presented the appearance of immense cakes or fragments irregularly disposed, over which it appears as if the clay &c had been deposited. Small pinnacles of ice ran up into the clay in some places and, above, holes were seen in the face of the clay bank, where it looked as if a detached fragment of ice had been and had been melted out leaving its mold in the clay quite perfect. In other places the ice was penetrated with deep holes into which the clay and vegetable matter had been deposited in layers and which (the ice melting away from around them) appeared as clay & muck cylinders on the ice face. Large rounded holes or excavations of irregular form had evidently existed on the top of the ice before [[strikethrough]] [[f?]] [[/strikethrough]] the clay &c had been deposited. These were usually filled with a

16 Thursday Sept. 2nd/80 contd. finer grained deposit of clay with less vegetable matter and the layers were waved as if the deposit had been affected by current action while going on. In these places especially, was noticed the most unexpected facts connected with the whole formation (which was however by no means confirmed to these spots; - namely a strong peculiar smell as of rotting animal matter, burnt leather and stable manure combined. This odor was not quite the same at all places but had the same general character. On the other hand there was a large part of the clay which had no such smell. At the points where the smell was strongest it was observed to emanate particularly from darker pasty spots in the clay though permeating the whole, leading to the supposition that these might be remains of the soft parts of the mammoth and other animals whose bones are daily washed out by the sea from the clay talus. In those places or near them where the smell was strongest a rusty red soft lichen or lichenlike fungus grew on the wer clay of the talus in extensive patches. Some of [[end page]] [[start page]] 17 these and some of the bad smelling deposit was secured, also as many bones of the fossil elephant fossil buffalo &c as we could carry including a mammoth tusk five and a half feet long, six inches in diameter but with both ends gone. Dwarf birches, alders seven or eight feet high with stems three inches in diameter, and a luxuriant herbage, producing among other things numerous very toothsome berries, grew with the roots less than a foot from perpetual solid ice. The formation of the surrounding country showed no rocky hills from which a glacier might have been derived and then covered with debris from their sides. The continuity of the mossy surface showed that the ice must be quite destitute of any motion and the circumstances all appeared to point to one conclusion, that there was a ridge of solid ice, rising several hundred feet above the sea, and higher than any of the land about it. The ice in this instance taking the function of a regular stratified rock upon itself.

18 On our return to the vessel about 6.30 P.M. we found that four large canoes with about forty natives had arrived from the eastward supposing us to be traders. [[line]] Friday Sept. 3rd 1880 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. | Barom. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water. | Wind. 4 A.M | 29.78 | 43 | 44 | 44.5 | 49 | SSW 8 " [[ditto for: A.M]] | .78 | 44 | 44.5 | 44.5 | 49 | S 12 M. | .71 | 46 | 49.5 | 50 | 49.5 | " [[ditto for: S]] 4 P.M. | .67 | 43.5 | 44 | 44 | 49 | SW 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .70 | 41.5 | 43.5 | 44 | 49 | W by N 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .71 | 43 | 44 | 44 | 48.5 | " [[ditto for: W by N]] [[/table]] Weather cloudy with fresh wind and frequent heavy showers. At 6 A.M. sail from Eschscholtz Bay for Bering Strait. Work over records and computations. Later nearly calm. [[line]] Saturday Sept 4th [[line]] [[table]] 4 A.M | 29.68 | 41.5 | 43 | 43 | 47 | SE 8 " [[ditto for: A.M]] | .50 | 41.5 | 43 | 43 | 48 | " [[ditto for: SE]] 12 M. | .45 | 44 | 45.5 | 45.5 | 48 | SW 4 P.M. | .46 | 41 | 43 | 42.5 | 48 | W 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .46 | 40 | 43 | 43 | 48.5 | WNW 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .46 | 41 | 44.5 | 44 | 45 | " [[ditto for: WNW]] [[/table]] A.M. Overcast & [[strikethrough]] cloudy [[/strikethrough]] rainy. P.M. cloudy sunout for a few minutes wind variable strong. Work on records. [[end page]] [[start page]] 19 [[line]] Sunday Sept. 5/80 [[line]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. | Barom. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water. | Wind. 4 A.M. │ 29.46 │ 39 │ 43 │ 43 │ 49 │ NW 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] │ .46 │ 38 │ 38.5 │38.5 │ 37.5 │ "[[Ditto for: NW]] 12 M. │ .44 │ 41 │ 43 │ 43 │ 47.5 │ "[[Ditto for: NW]] 4 P.M. │ .40 │ 42 │44.5 │ 44.5 │ 47.5 │ NW. by N 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] │ .30 │ 39.5 │ 41.5 │ 41.5 │ 47 │ "[[Ditto for: NW. by N]] 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] │ .36 │ 39 │ 43 │ 42 │ 46.5 │ "[[Ditto for: NW. by N]] [[/table]] Day cloudy with showers, fog at times and occasional sunshine. Wind fresh increasing to a tolerable gale in P.M. and against the tide or current forming a [[strikethrough]] tolerab [[/strikethrough]] [[insertion]] heavy [[/insertion]] sea. Morning about 7 o'clock, within about 4 miles of East Cape surrounded with floating fragments of ice, with more ice forming a barrier between us and the land. The bight SW of East Cape is full of ice. Begin our soundings and serial temperatures on a line across the Strait and complete it just as it becomes impracticable from the heavy sea, to continue. Run for Port Clarence for shelter, finding the sea smoother under the land, and anchor off the mouth of the port in seven fathoms about 8 P.M. Weather squally and nasty. Sundogs at night.

20 [[line]] Monday September 6th 1880 [[line]] [[page includes table with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. | Barom. | Ther. |Dry b.| Wet b. | Water | Wind. 4 A.M. ǀ 29.37 ǀ 38 ǀ 40.5 ǀ 40 ǀ 46½ ǀ NW by N 8 "[[Ditto for: A.M.]] ǀ .39 ǀ 40 ǀ 41 ǀ 41 ǀ 46 ǀ "[[Ditto for: NW by N]] 12 M ǀ .40 ǀ 41 ǀ 43.5 ǀ 43 ǀ 47.5 "[[ditto for: NW by N]] 4 P.M. ǀ .41 ǀ 41 ǀ 43.5 ǀ 43.5ǀ 48 ǀ NNW 8 "[[Ditto for: P.M.]] ǀ .41 ǀ 41 ǀ 42 ǀ 42 ǀ 48 ǀ "[[Ditto for: NNW]] 12 "[[Ditto for: P.M.]] ǀ .40 ǀ 43 ǀ 44 ǀ 43.5 ǀ 48 ǀ "[[Ditto for: NNW]] [[/table]] Morning about 4 A.M. get under way and run into Port Clarence, passing Pt. Spencer in the fog and getting nearly to Grantley Harbor before perceiving it. Run back and anchor near Pt. Spencer at 8 A.M. Day partly cloudy and foggy with rain squalls and sun out at times. Snow on the hills which fell last night. Wind keen and fresh nearly all day. Rain in the evening. Observations on the eastern shore of Pt. Spencer on the north side of a small bight in the spit; for declination, dip, time and latitude, with angles for fixing station The point is very low with some small fresh water lagoons between the beaches. No village but some old deserted ruined houses and ten or fifteen natives campling in temporary summer tents Plenty of drift [[end page]] [[start page]] 21 wood on the beach. The northern shores of Port Clarence are high barren and benched near the shore with a little lowland near the beach which is largely rocky. Parhelia at noon. [[line]] Tuesday Sept. 7th/80 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. | Barom. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water | Wind. 4 A.M. ǀ 29.39 ǀ 44 ǀ 44 ǀ 43.5 ǀ 48ǀ N by W ǀ 8 "[[Ditto for: A.M.]] ǀ .45 ǀ 40.5 ǀ 42.5 ǀ 42 ǀ 47 ǀ NNW 12 M. ǀ .47 ǀ 42.5 ǀ 44 ǀ 43.5 ǀ 48 ǀ "[[Ditto for: NNW]] 4 P.M. ǀ .54 ǀ 42.5 ǀ 47 ǀ 45.5 ǀ 48 ǀ "[[Ditto for: NNW]] 8 "[[Ditto for: P.M.]] ǀ .60 ǀ 41 ǀ 44 ǀ 42.5 ǀ 47½ ǀ "[[Ditto for: NNW]] 12 "[[Ditto for: P.M.]] ǀ .65 ǀ 41 ǀ 43 ǀ 42 ǀ 47 ǀ "[[Ditto for: NNW]] [[/table]] Stiff gale all day preventing any work Sky partly clear but haze and fog overhanging the high land where the snow of the night of the 5th has mostly gone Work over records and Bering Strait section. [[line]] Wednesday Sept 8 [[line]] [[table]] 4 A.M. ǀ 29.66 ǀ 40.5 ǀ 42.0 ǀ 41.5 46.5 ǀ NNW 8 "[[Ditto for: A.M.]] ǀ .69 ǀ 41.5 41.5 ǀ 41.0 ǀ 47.5 ǀ "[[Ditto for: NNW]] 12 M. ǀ .72 ǀ 40.5 ǀ 49 ǀ 48.5 ǀ 48 ǀ WNW 4 P.M. ǀ .70 ǀ 42 ǀ 45 ǀ 44.5 ǀ 48 W 8 "[[Ditto for: P.M.]] ǀ .72 ǀ 42 ǀ 44 ǀ 43.5 ǀ 47 ǀ NW 12 "[[Ditto for: P.M.]] ǀ .74 ǀ 41.5 ǀ 44 ǀ 43. ǀ 47 ǀ "[[Ditto for: NW]] [[/table]] Weather variable. Squalls of rain alternating

22 with showers and intervals of sunshine. Wind light to fresh. Observations for time latitude, declination and intensity. Several canoes of King's Isand people come off to us. [[line]] Thursday Sept 9. 1880 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. | Barom. | Dct. Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water.| Wind. 4 A.M. | 29.74 | 41 | 43 | 43.0 | 46.5 | NW 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .74 | 40 | 42 | 41.5 | 47.5 | NE 12 M | .76 | 44 | 45 | 44.5 | 48.0 | E 4 P.M. | .72 | 43.5 | 47 | 46.5 | 48.5 | NNW 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .74 | 39.5 | 42.5 | 41.5 | 44 | " [[ditto for: NNW]] 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .76 | 37 | 41.5 | 41.0 | 45 | " [[ditto for: NNW]] [[/table]] Weather cloudy, later a little sunshine. Wind at first very light, afterward moderate to fresh Sail from Port Clarence at 10.45 A.M. for the Diomedes. See Kings Island clearly from the entrance. It is rounded and highest toward the NW end. Thence it slopes gently toward the SE. The extreme SE. end being a little higher than the intervening land. The shores mostly bluff. [[line]] Friday Sept. 10/80 [[line]] [[table]] 4 A.M. | 29.77 | 37.5 | 39.0 | 38.5 | 43.5 | NNW 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .78 | 38.5 | 41.0 | 40.5 | 44.0 | " [[ditto for: NNW]] 12 M. | .77 | 41.5 | 42.5 | 42.0 | 44.7 | " [[ditto for: NNW]] 4 P.M. | .76 | 40.5 | 40.5 | 40.0 | 44.5 | " [[ditto for: NNW]] 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .75 | 36.5 | 38.0 | 37.5 | 37.0 | " [[ditto for: NNW]] 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .77 | 36 | 38.5 | 38.0 | 36.0 | " [[ditto for: NNW]] [[/table]] [[end page]] [[start page]] 23 Morning sky with broken clouds. Afternoon cloudy. Wind early fresh, later strong gales about 7 A.M. come to anchor off the SE end of the Big Diomede. Baker and Noyes go ashore at the snowfilled mouth of a steep gulley, the only place where a landing could be had on this side. Obs. for time, latitude azimuth, dip and intensity. From the ship obs. of currents surface and subsurface temperatures and bearings on adjacent land. The Diomedes are granitic mounds with sides worn to cliffs by the action of the sea, without beaches, the shores fringed with enormous waterworn boulders. A few gullies convey the melting snow from their irregular but nearly uniformly high tops. Here are the only landing places, and partly on the accumulated talus in the largest gulley and partly by digging away behind this, a settlement of hardy Eskimo has established itself on each island. That on the little Diomede is said to be the largest, it is on the south end of the island. About thirty natives came off to us in three canoes from there. There is

24 also a settlement on the SW side of the Big Diomede which we did not see. There was a cache and had been a hut on a small level spot, at the side of the gulley where observations were made, some sixty feet above the water. By going over the top of the island the inhabitants could communicate with the village on the SW side. Those who came off to us, gave us the following names for the islands &c._ Little Diomede, Ing-ah-khlǔḱ; Big ditto [[ditto for: Diomede]], Im-ah Khlǔḱ; Fairway Rock Weé-yǔh; East Cape Nū-wǔkh´; People on Little Diomede, Ing-ǔh-klee-mūt´; on the big one, Imah-klee-mūt´; on East Cape No-ghwāh-mūt´; Reindeer people Kǔgh-ǔkh-tǔz´-ū-mūt´. The islands are frequented by millions of small auks and divers, which afford a very good article of food to the natives who also get seal and walrus, but the land has no other inhabitants in the way of animals. The chief support of these people is derived from their position as traffickers between the natives of the two continents. On leaving Port Clarence last evening we obtained a very good view of the coast between it and Cape York. It appeared to [[end page]] [[start page]] 25 consist of stratified rocks, which near the shore formed a high bench with beaches here and there, but mostly cliffy, interrupted by a few grassy valleys. The bench, and the frost rounded peaks a little further inland behind it, seemed to be almost wholly destitute of vegetation, and parts of it were covered with patches of old and a thin layer of newfallen snow. At 3 P.M. observers came abroad, and we sail for Plover Bay, the wind freshening to a tolerable gale From the appearance of the sky and the reports of the natives it seemed that the ice extended out into the Strait a considerable distance from East Cape and filled the bight to the south & west from it. [[line]] Saturday Sept 11/80 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. | Barom. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water | Wind 4 A.M.| 29.80 | 35.5 | 39.0 | 38.5 | 36 | NNW 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .83 | 36.5 | 38.5 | 38.5 | 38 | " [[ditto for: NNW]] 12 M. | .89 | 38.5 | 41 | 40.5 | 37.3 | " [[ditto for: NNW]] 4 P.M.| .87 | 40 | 42 | 42.0 | 37.5 | SW. by S. 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .87 | 39 | 40 | 40.5 | 37 | Calm 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .88 | 37 | 39 | 39.5 | 36.5 | " [[ditto for: Calm]] [[/table]]

26 Kept on a straight course for Plover Bay (Meridian Point) taking half hourly surface temperatures. About 1.30 A.M. came up with large fragments of green pack ice and came to until daylight. Weather cloudy with short intervals of sunshine. Late in the afternoon nearly clear. A light fall of snow in the night. Wind strong gradually dying away, at sunset calm. Speak Bark Progress, Lapham, 17 whales. Work over letters and records. Late at night come to off the entrance to Plover Bay Bark Sea Breeze trying out oil nearby. [[line]] Sunday Sept 12/80 [[line]] [[page includes table with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. | Bar. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water. | Wind. 4 A.M. | 29.83 | 35.5 | 38.0 | 38.5 | 36 | Calm 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .80 | 37 | 36.5 | 36.0 | 38 | " [[ditto for: Calm]] 12 M. | .75 | 42.5 | 43 | 42.5 | 39 1/4 | " [[ditto for: Calm]] 4 P.M. | .70 | 40 | 41.5 | 41.5 | 40 | E. 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .66 | 38 | 38.5 | 39 | 39 | " [[ditto for: E.]] 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .62 | 34.5 | 39.5 | 39 | 39 | " [[ditto for: E.]] [[/table]] Morning almost calm, later fresh keen wind. Day clear and fine. Anchor in Port Providence, Plover Bay, about 11.45 A.M. Send the boat in before anchoring, and get obs. for latitude, time dip and intensity. The [[end page]] [[start page]] 27 steam whaler Mary & Helen, Capt. Owen; brig Tropic Bird, Capt. Jerningham and Haw. schr. Julia A. Long, Capt. Gillies, in port. Bark Progress comes in later. Cornelius, a native, who speaks English very well, tells me the Reindeer men call themselves, Tsau-yū-at' and that the Eskimo have only a commercial intercourse with them. The languages he says are entirely different. A party of natives from East Cape, including old Notokin's son last season established themselves on the S. head of Archangel Gabriel Bay, others at a point further north and more are likely to follow urged by the growing scarcity of seal and walrus about the strait. There seems to be a doubt if the death of so many people on St. Laurence Id. winter before last was due to starvation or to some disease. Cornelius says when all the natives of one village were found dead in their beds, they were not emaciated and there was blubber in the blubber rooms and plenty of walrus hide, which they would not have left if they were starving.

28 [[line]] Monday Sept. 13, 1880 [[line]] [[page includes table with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. | Barom. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water. | Wind. 4 A.M. | 29.51 | 32.5 | 39 | 38.5 | 38.5 | E 6 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | -- | 31.5 | | | | 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .51 | 36 | 39.5 | 39.5 | 39 | " [[ditto for: E]] 12 M. | .49 | 41 | 40 | 39.5 | 39 | " [[ditto for: E]] 4 P.M. | .46 | 42 | 43 | 42.5 | 39 | Calm 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .52 | 33.5 | 41 | 41.0 | 39.5 | N 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .52 | 39.5 | 42.5 | 42.5 | 39.5 | " [[ditto for: N]] [[/table]] Weather with some sunshine early in the morning, later cloudy, nearly calm. Obs. for time and magnetic azimuth. Capts. Lapham & Owen come aboard. Capt Owen & Jerningham confirm the experience we have had this year of finding warmer water north of the Strait than south of it, going north early. There are three sets, or currents in the Arctic. One running north from Cape Lisburne along the coast to Pt. Barrow. Another running in the same trend as the land east from Pt. Hope over toward Herald Id., offering an opportunity of getting to the westward, when there is still ice to the southward extending east of the meridian of the Strait. The last runs along the coast from East Cape north and west. [[end page]] [[start page]] 29 There is often a grounded pack around & on Herald shoal with water about it. Capt. Owen reached Pt. Barrow and returned in two hours, narrowly escaping being shut in by the ice which was only six miles off the point and shut in just after he came back around it. The schr. Alaska was the only sailing vessel to get round to the point and she was shut in there (aground) several days. He (Owen) had never been around Pt. Barrow without being shut in several times during his stay. The shoal on Rodgers chart north of St. Matthew he felt sure had no existence, having cruised there a good deal. In going north in the Jireh Perry, in 1879, he had had a ^[[insertion]] sea [[/insertion]] temperature south of the Strait of 37° but on getting north of Cape Lisburne he found it 42°. All agreed that no two seasons were alike in the Arctic, or rather, that no one could form any probable idea of what one season would be from the character of that which preceded it. This relates to the character and move-

30 ments of the ice, the weather and the movements of whales. The currents are largely affected by the wind and tides chiefly by the latter. The motion of the ice depends more on the winds, but not wholly. [[line]] Tuesday Sept. 14/80 [[line]] [[page includes table with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. | Barom. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water | Wind 4 A.M | 29.58 | 38.5 | 42 | 41.5 | 39 | N 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .64 | 35.0 | 38 | 38.5 | 39 | " [[ditto for: N]] 12 M. | .66 | 41.5 | 41 | 40.5 | 40 | S 4 P.M | .64 | 41.5 | 42.5 | 42.5 | 39 | " [[ditto for: S]] 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .64 | 39.0 | 41.5 | 41.5 | 39 | " [[ditto for: S]] 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .53 | 40.0 | 43.5 | 43.0 | 38 | SE [[/table]] Morning half clear, later cloudy; bad weather brewing apparently. Wind fresh, in the evening squally. Obs. for determination of station on the spit. A boat arrives from St. Laurence Id. bringing the revenue officer Mr. Wykoff and several men of the Schr. Loleta which they report lost on St. Laurence Id. three or four days ago in the bight fifteen or more miles eastward from the NW. point of the island. A consultation is held by the masters in port and it is decided that the Schr. Long and the steam whaler Mary & Helen will go over, the men to go to the Sandwich Ids in the Long. We [[end page]] [[start page]] 31 offer a passage to the Revenue officer with such accommodations as we have, but he decides to sail for San Francisco in the Progress. The brig Tropic Bird goes to sea in the morning. Work over accounts and letters. [[line]] Wednesday Sept 15/80 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. | Barom. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water | Wind 4 A.M. | 29.41 | 40.5 | 53 | 53.5 | 38.5 | SE 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .38 | 42.5 | 44 | 44.0 | 39 | " [[ditto for: SE]] 12 M. | .37 | 44.5 | 46.5 | 46.5 | 41 | " [[ditto for: SE]] 4 P.M. | .39 | 45.0 | 41. | 41.5 | 41 | SSE 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .41 | 41.0 | 45. | 45.5 | 39 | " [[ditto for: SSE]] 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .44 | 41.0 | 43. | 44.0 | 40 | NNE [[/table]] Morning cloudy, later sun out at times Wind fresh and fog rolling in. Halo in P.M. Work over records. Letters & accounts prepared to go down by the Mary & Helen. [[line]] Thursday Sept 16 [[line]] 4 A.M. | 29.46 | 40.0 | 42.5 | 43 | 39.5 | NNE 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .55 | 34.5 | 36 | 36.5 | 38.5 | " [[ditto for: NNE]] 12 M. | .62 | 34.0 | 36 | 36.5 | 38.0 | " [[ditto for: NNE]] 4 P.M. | .69 | 34.5 | 40 | 39.5 | 38.5 | " [[ditto for: NNE]] 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .80 | 32.0 | 35 | 34.5 | 37.5 | NNW 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .88 | 30.0 | *- | - | 36.5 | " [[ditto for: NNW]] [[/table]] Morning blowing hard, with snow. Sun out ------- *Hygrometer in cabin to avoid freezing

32 at times, but a stiff breeze prevents leaving port or any field work. Obtain from Capt. Owen several of his old logs to extract temperature observations. The schr. Long sails for the wreck on St. Laurence Island [[line]] Friday Sept. 17/80 [[line]] [[page includes table with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability]] [[table]] [[table headings]] Time. | Barom. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b.| Water | Wind 4 A.M. | 29.90 | 30.5 | *- | - | 37. | NNE 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .94 | 24.5 | 35.5 | 35 | 39.5 | " [[ditto for: NNE]] 12 M. | .94 | 35.0 | 36 | 35.5 | 38 | S 4 P.M. | .88 | 37.5 | 37 | 38 | 40 | " [[ditto for: S]] 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .89 | 33 | 35 | 35 | 43.5 | SSE 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .82 | 35 | - | - | 44 | " [[ditto for: SSE]] [[/table]] Morning nearly calm, clear, later cloudy with fresh wind. By the kindness of Capt. Owen, after weighing anchor about 6.10 A.M., we are towed out of Plover Bay, & toward Marcus Bay when the wind freshens and we make sail along the northern coast of St. Laurence Id. The schr. Long comes out of Marcus Bay and with the Mary & Helen stands over toward the island to rescue the crew of the Loleta. ___ *Blanks due to hygrometer being taken into cabin to avoid freezing. [[end page]] [[start page]] 33 [[line]] Saturday Sept. 18/80 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability]] [[table]] [[table headings]] Time | Barom. | Ther.| Dry b. | Wet b.| Water. | Wind. 4 A.M. | 29.75 | 38 | - | - | 44 | SSE 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .72 | 39.5 | 42 | 41.5 | 45 | SE 12 M. | .70 | 43 | 43 | 42.0 | 45 | SE by E 4 P.M. | .70 | 40.5 | 41.5 | 42.5 | 44.5 | ESE 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .72 | 40 | 42 | 41. | 45 | " [[ditto for: ESE]] 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .69 | 40 | 43 | 42. | 46 | " [[ditto for: ESE]] [[/table]] Day mostly cloudy with a few glimpses of Sun and snowflurries. Cruising along the north shore of St. Laurence Id. against a strong head wind & later a heavy sea. [[line]] Sunday Sept. 19th [[line]} [[table]] 4 A.M. | 29.70 | 41.5 | 44.5 | 43.5 | 45 | ENE 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .65 | 43 | 43.5 | 43.0 | 45.5 | " [[ditto for: ENE]] 12 M. | .60 | 48 | 44.5 | 44.5 | 42.5 | ESE 4 P.M. | .52 | 44 | 46 | 46 | 45 | " [[ditto for: ESE]] 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .45 | 44.5 | 44 | 43 | 46 | SSE 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .33 | 43 | 45 | 45 | 44.5 | S by W. [[/table]] Morning cloudy later foggy. Wind fresh. Round the east end of St. Laurence, meeting a ^[[insertion]] very [[/insertion]] heavy ^[[insertion]] southerly [[/insertion]] swell. Sound in 17 fms, the N. edge of the SE. pt. N. 1/2 W.; S. edge do. [[ditto for: of the SE. pt. N. 1/2 W. ]] NW. by W.; nearest land NW by N. 1/4 N. It is evident we cannot make a landing even if the wind subsides, at least for several days, so we

34 keep away for St. Mathew. The land at the points is rather high and bluff with flat or low land between the high and the beach. Shore rocky. According to Capt. Owen there is a small E. & W. spit at the NW. point on which the village is and where a lee can be made from N. and NE. winds. [[line]] Monday Sept 20./80 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability]] [[table]] [[table headings]] Time | Barom.| Ther.| Dry b. | Wet b.| Water | Wind 4 A.M. | 29.38 | 42 | 43.5 | 43 | 45 | SW by W 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .47 | 45 | 43.5 | 43 | 44 | " [[ditto for SW by W]] 12 M. | .53 | 39.5 | 42.0 | 42 | 44 | " [[ditto for SW by W]] 4 P.M. | .60 | 39.5 | 39.5 | 39 | 44.7 | " [[ditto for SW by W]] 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .68 | 36.5 | 40.0 | 41 | 42.5 | WSW 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .72 | 37.0 | 38.5 | 38 | 43 | " [[ditto for WSW]] [[/table]] Day cloudy with snow squalls and a brisk gale and heavy sea. We were obliged to lay to under a double reefed foresail, until midnight with a heavy bad confused sea running. [[line]] Tuesday Sept 21st [[line]] [[table]] 4 A.M. | 29.75 | 36 | 39.5 | 38.5 | 42.5 | WSW 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .75 | 43 | 40.0 | 41.5 | 44.0 | W 12 M. | .72 | 37 | 40.0 | 39.5 | 43.5 | " [[ditto for W]] 4 P.M. | .64 | 38 | 40.5 | 40.0 | 44 | " [[ditto for W]] 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .59 | 37 | 40.5 | 39.5 | 43 | WNW 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .58 | 36.5 | 39.0 | 38.5 | 43 | N. [[/table]] [[end page]] [[start page]] 35 Morning cloudy cold; sun out at times later in the day. Wind somewhat moderated sea a little easier. Put her under reefed foresail, jib and treble reefed mainsail Later give her the flying jib and shake a reef out of the mainsail. Too rough for any clerical work. [[line]] Wednesday Sept. 22/80 [[line]] [[page includes table with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability]] [[table]] [[table headings]] Time | Barom.| Ther.| Dry b. | Wet b.| Water. | Wind. 4 A.M. | 29.52 | 37 | 38.5 | 38.0 | 43.5 | N 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .72 | 39 | 41 | 40.5 | 44 | " [[ditto for N]] 12 M. | .75 | 44 | 47 | 47.0 | 42 | " [[ditto for N]] 4 P.M. | .78 | 39.5 | 42 | 41.5 | 42.5 | NW by N 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .78 | 38 | 41.5 | 41.0 | 43 | " [[ditto for NW by N]] 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .79 | 38 | 42 | 41.5 | 45 | " [[ditto for NW by N [[/table]] Day with snatches of sunlight and high squally wind, fresher later in the day. Morning make the NW. end of St. Mathew and run along the northern shore vainly seeking a lee until we reach Cape Upright. Get obs. for time just off the Cape, from the vessel and determine to try landing in a small bight in the Cape although attended with some risk. Come to anchor under the Cape about 10 A.M. The party succeed in getting

36 ashore, with a drenching, get some obs. for latitude and bearings on adjacent land. The wind increased and the boat gets safely back to my great relief after which a few more obs. for time are taken and we weigh anchor and proceed under shortened sail toward Unalashka. Wind very fresh, puffy, with bad sea. [[line]] Thursday Sept. 23/80 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability]] [[table]] [[table headings]] Time | Barom.| Ther.| Dry b. | Wet b.| Water | Wind. 4 A.M. | 29.78 | 38.5 | 40.5 | 40 | 44.5 | NW by N 8 " [[ditto for A.M.]] | .80 | 38.0 | 43.0 | 43 | 45.5 | " [[ditto for: NW by N]] 12 M. | .82 | 39.5 | 41.5 | 41.5 | 45.5 | " [[ditto for: NW by N]] 4 P.M. | .81 | 43 | 43.0 | 43.0 | 45.0 | NW by N 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .90 | 40 | 43.0 | 42.5 | 45.5 | " [[ditto for: NW by N]] 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .88 | 39 | 42.5 | 42.0 | 45.5 | " [[ditto for: NW by N]] [[/table]] Day cloudy, sun out at rare intervals. Wind strong, squally, sea heavy. Vessel winged out & making good progress but nothing so as to prevent work [[line]] Friday Sept. 24th [[line]] [[table]] 4 A.M. | 29.88 | 39 | 41 | 41 | 46 | NW by N 8 " [[ditto for A.M.]] | .86 | 39.5 | 42.5 | 42 | 47.5 | SW 12 M. | .78 | 41 | 39 | 38.5 | 47.5 | SSW 4 P.M. | .62 | 42 | 44 | 44 | 47.5 | S 8 " [[ditto for P.M.]] | .42 | 41.5 | 44 | 44 | 47 | SSE 12 " [[ditto for P.M.]] | .12 | 44 | 42.5 | 42.5 | 46 | SSW [[/table]] [[end page]] [[start page]] 37 Morning cloudy, wind lighter and less favorable, shifting ahead. Later wind veers to the southward and in the evening rises to a smart gale, obliging us to shorten sail and attended with so much pitching & tossing that all work is suspended. [[line]] Saturday Sept. 25/80 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability]] [[table]] [[table headings]] Time. | Bar. | Ther.| Dry b. | Wet b.| Water. | Wind. 4 A.M. | 29.12 | 45.5 | 43 | 43 | 47 | SSW 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .14 | 45.0 | 43.5 | 43 | 47 | " [[ditto for: SSW]] 12 M. | .18 | 45.0 | 47 | 47 | 47 | " [[ditto for: SSW]] 4 P.M. | .22 | 45.5 | 47 | 46.5 | 47 | " [[ditto for: SSW]] 8 " [[ditto for: P.M]] | .25 | 46.0 | 45 | 44 | 46 | " [[ditto for: SSW]] 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .30 | 45.0 | 48 | 47.5 | 46 | " [[ditto for: SSW]] [[/table]] Day cloudy with rain & hail and so stiff a gale as to interrupt all work. [[line]] Sunday Sept 26 [[line]] [[table]] 4 A.M. | 29.32 | 43.5 | 47 | 46.5 | 46.0 | SSW 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .34 | 44 | 46.5 | 46.5 | 46.5 | SSW 12 M. | .38 | 46 | 48.5 | 49.0 | 47.0 | " [[ditto for: SSW]] 4 P.M. | .32 | 45 | 48. | 47.5 | 46.7 | S by W 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .23 | 44.5 | 46. | 45.5 | 46.0 | " [[ditto for: S by W]] 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .21 | 45 | 46 | 46.0 | 46.5 | " [[ditto for: S by W]] [[/table]] Day cloudy & rainy with heavy sea and continuation of severe gale No work done or practicable.

38 [[line]] Monday Sept. 27/80 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability]] [[table]] [[table headings]] Time | Barom.| Ther.| Dry b. | Web b.| Water | Wind 4 A.M. | 29.22 | 44.5 | 46 | 46 | 46 | WSW 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .34 | 44 | 45.5 | 45 | 46 | " [[ditto for: WSW 12 M. | .48 | 44 | 46 | 46 | 46.5 | " [[Ditto for: WSW]] 4 P.M. | .54 | 44 | 45 | 45 | 46 | " [[Ditto for: WSW]] 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .54 | 42 | 44 | 43.5 | 46 | " [[ditto for: WSW]] 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .47 | 43.5 | 45 | 44.5 | 45.5 | SSW [[/table]] Day cloudy with rain & glimpses of sun. Gale continues but wind shifts and the sea goes down a little. Work impracticable. Tuesday Sept. 28th [[table]] 4 A.M. | 29.16 | 44 | 42 | 41.5 | 45.5 | ESE 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | 28.84 | 43 | 43.5 | 44.0 | 45.5 | " [[ditto for: ESE]] 12 M. | 28.31 | 42 | 41 | 40.5 | 40.5 | " [[ditto for: ESE]] 2 P.M. | 28.25 | 4 P.M. | 28.28 | 43.5 | 44 | 44.5 | 44.5 | NE 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | 28.48 | 41 | 44 | 44 | 43.5 | NNE 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | 28.70 | 40 | 42.5 | 42 | 43.0 | N. [[/table]] Day cloudy with rain and the heaviest gale we have experienced. Barometer reaches 28.25, the lowest recorded in this region (=28.50 per mercurial standard barometer reduced to 32° F.) In the morning see the western end of Akutan, run over for Captains Bay in very heavy squalls & fog owing to which we miss the entrance and [[end page]] [[start page]] 39 are carried by the current off Cape Cheerful near to the fishing station and retreat being impossible are obliged to put to sea, a most severe gale raging. This continues all night and surpasses anything ever experienced by anyone on board. During the night some of the squalls were excessively violent almost equal to a hurricane. [[line]] Wednesday Sept 29/80 [[line]] [[page includes table with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability]] [[table]] [[table headings]] Time | Bar. | Ther.| Dry b. | Web b.| Water. | Wind. 4 A.M. | 28.90 | 43 | 45 | 44.5 | 43 | N 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | 29.15 | 42.5 | 44.5 | 44.0 | 42.5 | NW 12 M | .30 | 43.5 | 45.5 | 45.5 | 44.7 | " [[ditto for: NW]] 6 P.M. | .32 | 42.5 | 44.5 | 44.5 | 44.7 | " [[ditto for: NW]] [[/table]] The wind continued to rage with great fury and the sea was extremely heavy. The day owing to the shifting of the wind round to the westward was partly clear with flying scud. Early in the morning saw Bogosloff under our lee. Though the vessel behaves nobly it is evident we cannot ride out 24 hours longer without going on a lee shore and we therefore determine to run for Chernoffsky Harbor, failing

40 to find which, we shall have the chance of escape through the Umnak Pass. Run down past the NE end of Umnak, which is high and rounded with a low bluff and short spit making out to the Northward, over which most terrific breakers are rolling to the height of forty or fifty feet; and, Providentially succeed in finding the entrance to Chernoffsky Harbor where we anchor at 2.15 P.M. to the unspeakable relief of all hands. There is no doubt that our position was extremely perilous, before entering the harbor and the chances of getting out by the Pass of Umnak not favorable. Toward night the sky became clear but the gale continued to rage. [[line]] Thursday Sept. 30/80 [[line]] [[page includes table with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. | Bar. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water | Wind 6 A.M. | 29.32 | 39 | 40.5 | 40.5 | 44.7 | SE 12 M. | .02 | 40 | 41. | 41.5 | 44.2 | " [[ditto for: SE]] 6 P.M. | 28.69 | 43 | 44 | 44.5 | 44.5 | " [[ditto for: SE]] [[/table]] Day stormy, rainy and blowing hard. Work over monthly reports and journals and quarterly reports. [[end page]] [[start page]] 41 There are about a dozen native houses here two trading stations of the A.C. Co. & W. F. & T. Co. respectively; in charge of Messrs Wagner and Adolph Reinken. There are about 94 inhabitants not counting the whites. [[line]] Friday Oct 1st/80 [[line]] [[page includes table with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. | Bar. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water | Wind 6 A.M. | 28.56 | 41.5 | 44 | 44 | 43 1/2 | Baffling 12 M. | 28.54 | 46.0 | 48 | 47.5 | 47 | SSW 6 P.M. | 28.54 | 44.5 | 45 | 44.5 | 46 | SE [[/table]] Day partly clear with flying scud, rainsquall and very low barometer Obs. for time latitude, magnetic and astronomical azimuth and angles for determination of station. Draw seine with poor success and fill water. Make some comparisons of barometers with the mercurial standard, to determine if the aneroids are to be relied on, on account of the very low figures: - as follows. Merc. stand corr. to 32° F. 28.809 | 28.736 Standard aneroid 28.68 -(12) | 28.53 -(.2) Casella aneroid 28.81 | 28.72 -(.02) K. & E. aneroid 28.98 +(17) | 28.88 +(.14) The entrance to Chernoffsky Bay is well marked; first, by Aspidnoi (Slate) Point about

42 2 1/2 miles to the eastward (high black and peaked), second, by a prominent small rocky lump a quarter of a mile or more east of the east head and lastly by the narrow rocky promontories which form the heads. The harbor is excellent but the water rather deep. The land about is lower than at Iliuliuk and covered by rich black soil and a luxuriant growth of grass. There have been gardens here. The chief support of the people is the sea-otter, about 100 taken annually. Fourteen bidarkas hunt from this place. There is a shoal at Cove Pt. The turning point of the harbor extending WSW an eighth of a mile which is not on the chart and which we shall sound out. Our station is on the end of Cove point about 3/4 of a mile from the village. Kasheega village to the eastward is situated on a small spit in a bay opening to the N. and W. It is not a good anchorage because the water behind the spit is too shoal for anything but boats. At Makushin village a good anchorage is reported and some others unsurveyed between it and Chernoffsky. [[end page]] [[start page]] 43 [[line]] Saturday Oct. 2/80 [[/line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. | Bar. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. |Water | Wind 6 A.M. | 28.62 | 40 | 41.5 | 42 | 44.5 | E 12 M. | .82 | 48 | 50.5 | 49.5 | 46.5 | NW 6 P.M. | .98 | 43.5 | 44.0 | 44 | 45.0 | " [[ditto for: NW]] [[/table]] Day half clear. Wind moderate to fresh with occasional showers. Observations for time latitude declination dip and intensity. Work over records. [[line]] Sunday Oct. 3rd [[/line]] [[table]] 6 A.M. | 29.45 | 42 | 44.5 | 44.5 | 45 | WNW. 12 M. | .64 | 50 | 53 | 52 | 46.5 | " [[ditto for: WNW.]] 6 P.M. | .78 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | N. [[/table]] Morning half rainy, later cloudy with showers. Wind light. Sound on the shoal off (observation) Cove Pt. The shoal extends broad off the point (WSW) regularly increasing in depth from the shore to 50 fathoms from the beach where the depth is three fathoms, while at 70 fathoms distance the depth is 5 fathoms. It is readily recognizable by the discolored water the bottom being white and shelly. It extends from the extreme of the point in a WSW direction and is about three cables wide and does not reach to eastward of the extreme point.

44 [[line]] Monday Oct. 4th 80 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. | Barom. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b.| Water | Wind 6 A.M.| 30.02 | 41. | 41.5 | 41.5 | 47 | N 12 M. | .09 | 49 | 49 | 48.5 | 47.5 | Calm 8 P.M.| .08 | 48 | 47 | 47 | 47.5 | NNW [[/table]] Day nearly clear till 10 A.M. then cloudy with heavy fog in evening. Wind light or none. Get under way early in the A.M. and work out toward the entrance against a very light wind which failing we return a short distance and anchor in the entrance of the inner bay. [[line]] Tuesday Oct. 5th [[line]] [[table]] 4 A.M.| 30.00 | 41 | 42.5 | 42 | 47 | SE 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | 29.95 | 42 | 43. | 43 | 47 | ESE 12 M. | .92 | 42.5 | 45. | 45 | 45 | SSW 4 P.M.| .82 | 42 | 43 | 43 | 45 | W 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .75 | 41 | 43.5 | 43.5 | 45 | SE 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .68 | 41 | 43.5 | 43.5 | 45 | " [[ditto for: SE]] [[/table]] Day cloudy with showers. Wind light to fresh, boxing the compass. At 5.30 A.M. sail from Chernoffsky. At 9.00 P.M. anchor in the outer roadstead of Captain's Bay, the weather being very dark and nasty. Saw the Dora going through Akutan Pass. The Corwin sailed hence for San Francisco on the 2nd instant. [[end page]] [[start page]] 45 [[line]] Wednesday Oct. 6th/80 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. | Barom. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b.| Water | Wind. 4 A.M.| 29.60 | 40.5 | 43 | 42.5 | 42 | SE 6 P.M | .68 | 45.5 | 48 | 47.5 | 45.5 | Calm [[/table]] Day cloudy with glimpses of sunlight. Wind light variable. Move in to Iliuliuk Harbor. Find the schrs. Pauline Collins & Unalashka in port. The former is to sail immediately for San Francisco. Receive our first and only mail of the season. Day spent in its examination and in preparing letters and account to go down by the Collins. [[line]] Thursday Oct. 7th [[line]] [[table]] 6 A.M.| 29.44 | 45.5 | 48.5 | 48.5 | 46 | SW 12 M | .52 | 46.0 | 49.5 | 50.0 | 47 | " [[ditto for: SW]] 6 P.M.| .46 | 45.0 | 45.5 | 45.5 | 46 | Calm [[/table]] Day more than half clear. Wind moderate Schr. Pauline Collins sails for San Francisco with our mail. Observations for time dip and intensity completing the season's field work as far as planned. Repair & paint storehouse at this place and erect a fence around it and a breakwater to keep the bank in front safe.

46 [[line]] Friday Oct 8th 1880 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings]] Time. | Barom. | Ther. | Dry b.| Wet b. | Water.| Wind. 6 A.M. | 29.24 | 40.0 | 42.5 | 42.0 | 44.5 | SW 12 M. | .24 | 47.5 | 57.0 | 50.0 | 46.0 | " [[ditto for: SW]] 6 P.M. | .18 | 44.0 | 44.5 | 44.5 | 45.0 | " [[Ditto for: SW]] [[/table]] Morning cloudy. Later occasional rains. Wind fresh & cold but puffy. Continue repairs etc. on storehouse. Send boat out for salmon and obtain sixty seven. Work over records and preparations for sea. [[line]] Saturday Oct. 9th [[line]] [[table]] 6 A.M. | 29.16 | 40 | 41.0 | 41.0 | 44 | SW 12 M. | .27 | 45 | 48.5 | 47.5 | 45.5 | " [[ditto for: SW]] 6 P.M. | .48 | 41.5 | 42.5 | 42.5 | 45 | W [[/table]] Day rainy & squally, snow falling on the uplands. More snow at night work over records & computations. [[line]] Sunday Oct 10th [[line]] [[table]] Time. | Barom. | Ther. | Dry b.| Wet b. | Water | Wind. 6 A.M. | 29.69 | 38.0 | 40 | 40.5 | 42.5 | SW 12 M. | .80 | 42.5 | 45 | 44.5 | 44.5 | NW 6 P.M. | .96 | 41.5 | 44 | 43.5 | 44.5 | " [[ditto for: NW]] [[/table]] Day cloudy with rainsqualls. Much snow on the higher hills. Wind moderate to fresh. [[line]] Monday Oct 11th [[line]] [[table]] 6 A.M. | 30.11 | 37.5 | 40.5 | 40.5 | 44.5 | NNE 12 M. | .18 | 43.5 | 46.5 | 46.0 | 45.5 | " [[ditto for: NNE]] 6 P.M. | .20 | 40.5 | 42.5 | 42.0 | 45.0 | " [[ditto for: NNE]] [[/table]] [[end page]] [[start page]] 47 Day half clear. Wind light & cold. Fill water; get coal from Mr. F. M. Smith Deputy coll. of customs to the amount of a ton and a half from the government coal pile. Work over records & charts. [[line]] Tuesday Oct. 12/80 [[line]] [[page includes table with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings]] Time. | Bar. | Ther. | Dry b.| Wet b. | Water.| Wind. 6 A.M. | 30.20 | 35 | 37.5 | 37 | 42 | Calm 12 M. | .18 | 39 | 43.5 | 43 | 45 | SE 6 P.M. | .10 | 39.5 | 42.5 | 42 | 44.5 | " [[ditto for: SE]] [[/table]] Morning cloudy, wind light. Later rainy. Some snow fell on deck about noon. Sent the boat out for codfish but the day is unfavorable, get only 20 and one halibut. Schr. Matthew Turner Andersen arrives from Michael's Redoubt & Nushagak with 500 bbls. salted salmon, from the latter place. Get from Capt. Andersen the following observations made at St. Michael's by the officers of the Rush & the Jeannette in 1879. The variation was determined with an azimuth compass, the time and latitude by sextant and artificial horizon. The station was within the old Russian Redoubt near the site of the old bathhouse.

48 Mr. Danenhower of the Jeannette, June 19th 1879: - Lat. N. 63°.28'.17" Lon. W. 162.04.45 Var. E. 24.40 Lieut Hand of U.S. R.S. Rush Lat. N. 63°.29'.50" Lon. W. 162.05.45 Var. E. 22 37 The position by bearings on Kyska etc. for the shoal near Kyska was determined by Capt. Andersen to be about Lat. N. 52°.07' Lon. E. 177.54 It is also mentioned in Capt. Bailey's report on the cruise of the Rush. The priest of Iliuliuk from a small patch near Ulakhta head, has raised two crops of turnips & radishes and one of good sized potatos (just harvested). There were 300 lbs of potatos from two pecks of seed. The first crop of turnips was large & fine the second rather small sized, i.e. the turnips themselves. The bishop talks of residing and having a mission school here. [[end page]] [[start page]] 49 [[line]] Wednesday Oct 13, 1880 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability]] [[table]] [[table headings]] Time | Barom.| Ther.| Dry b. | Wet b.| Water | Wind. 6 A.M. | 29.88 | 40.5 | 42 | 42 | 44 | NE 12 M. | .82 | 43.5 | 45 | 44.5 | 45 | " [[ditto for: NE]] 6 P.M. | .74 | 42.5 | 44 | 44 | 45 | " [[ditto for: NE]] [[/table]] Day rainy & stormy. Wind fresh with heavy squalls at night. Work over computations and records. [[line]] Thursday Oct. 14th [[line]] [[table]] 6 A.M. | 29.61 | 40.5 | 42 | 42 | 45 | N 12 M. | 48 | 39.5 | 40 | 40.5 | 44.5 | " [[ditto for: N]] 6 P.M. | 34 | 39.5 | 40.5 | 41.0 | 44.5 | E [[/table]] Day rainy & stormy. Wind fresh & squally. Work over records & computations. [[line]] Friday Oct. 15th [[line]] [[table]] 6 A.M. | 29.20 | 42.5 | 44.0 | 44.5 | 44.5 | SE 12 M. | .18 | 45.0 | 46.5 | 46.5 | 46.5 | E 6 P.M. | .16 | 43.5 | 44.0 | 44.5 | 44.5 | SW [[/table]] Day rainy, glimpses of sun once or twice. Wind moderate. Work over records & clinical work. Send boat out codfishing. A good deal of snow on hill tops. [[line]] Saturday Oct. 16 [[line]] [[table]] 6 A.M. | 29.31 | 40.5 | 41.0 | 41.5 | 44 | Calm 12 M. | .39 | 53.5 | 48.0 | 48.0 | 46 | NE. 6 P.M. | 38 | 44.0 | 44 | 44.5 | 44.5 | NW. [[/table]]

50 Weather partly clear at times with drifting sand & fog. Rainy in P.M. wind fresh to moderate. [[line]] Sunday Oct. 17th 1880 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings]] Time. | Bar. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water | Wind. 6 A.M. | 29.34 | 37.5 | 38 | 38.5 | 43 | SW. 12 M | .35 | 39.5 | 41 | 41 | 44 | S. 6 P.M. | .40 | 38.5 | 40 | 40 | 43 | S. [[/table]] Cloudy with showers: about sunset it clears off, promising fair for tomorrow. Wind variable to light. Buring the night a heavy snowfall coming down to 1000 feet [[strikethrough]] F [[/strikethrough]] on the hills. A little snow falls on deck in the early A.M. The schr. Matthew Turner sails for the westward. [[line]] Monday Oct. 18th [[line]] [[table]] Time. | Bar. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water | Wind. 6 A.M. | 29.64 | 38.5 | 41 | 41 | 44 | NNW. 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .74 | 40 | 42 | 42 | 44 | " [[ditto for: NNW]] 12 M | .78 | 40.5 | 42 | 42 | 45 | " [[ditto for: NNW]] 4 P.M. | .80 | 40.5 | 42.5 | 42.5 | 46 | N. 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .82 | 38.5 | 41.5 | 41 | 46.5 | " [[ditto for: N.]] 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .86 | 40 | 42 | 42.5 | 46.5 | " [[ditto for: N.]] [[/table]] Day cloudy with a few rainsqualls & fresh to moderate wind. Slip moorings about 6.30 A.M. and beat out of Captains Bay, and just succeed in squeezing through [[end page]] [[start page]] 51 the Unalga Pass against the tide. Take our departure at 1.30 P.M. from Egg Id. en route for San Francisco. [[line]] Tuesday Oct. 19th 1880 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. | Bar. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water | Wind. 4 A.M | 29.70 | 38.5 | 42 | 41 | 46 | N. 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .68 | 39 | 42 | 42 | 47 | N by E. 12 M. | .64 | 40.5 | 42 | 42 | 47 | " [[ditto for: N by E.]] 4 P.M. | .69 | 44.5 | 42.5 | 42 | 46 | " [[Ditto for: N by E.]] 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .78 | 41 | 42 | 41 | 46 | " [[ditto for: N by E.]] 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .84 | 42 | 44 | 43.5 | 47 | " [[ditto for: N by E.]] [[/table]] Day cloudy with rain. Wind fresh with irregular choppy sea, which increase and oblige us to heave to about 3 P.M. in which condition we pass the rest of the day. [[line]] Wednesday Oct. 20th [[line]] [[table]] 4 A.M. | 29.91 | 42 | 43 | 42.5 | 45 | N. by E. 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | 30.11 | 41 | 44 | 44 | 48.5 | " [[ditto for: N by E.]] 12 M. | 30.03 | 41 | 44 | 44 | 50 | " [[ditto for: N by E.]] 4 P.M. | 29.99 | 41 | 44 | 44 | 48 | " [[ditto for: N by E.]] 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .96 | 40.5 | 43.5 | 43 | 48.5 | NE 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .89 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 50 | N. [[/table]] Wind more moderate & sea more regular. Toward night wind increases. Day cloudy with rainsqualls. Get under way again about 4 A.M. & run under short sail all day.

52 [[line]] Thursday Oct 21st/80 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability]] [[table]] [[table headings]] Time | Bar. | Ther.| Dry b. | Wet b.| Water. | Wind 4 A.M. | 29.82 | 43.5 | 48 | 46.5 | 50 | N 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .64 | 43 | 48 | 47 | 40.5 | NNW. 12 M. | .50 | 44 | 46.5 | 46.5 | 51 | NW. 4 P.M. | .26 | 44 | 45 | 44.5 | 57.5 | WNW 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .06 | 45 | 45 | 44 | 55 | [[ditto for: WNW.]] 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | 28.88 | 47.5 | 53 | 49 |52 | W. [[/table]] Cloudy, rainy with bad sea and stiff breeze P.M. wind shifts and increases obliging us to heave to again. Blows very hard with shifting wind and low bar, in evening [[line]] Friday Oct 22nd/80 [[line]] [[table]] 4 A.M. | 28.84 | 49 | 52.5 | 49 | 52 | W. 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .92 | 49 | 50.5 | 50 | 52 | SW. 12 M. | 29.02 | 49.5 | 52.5 | 52 | 52 | SSW. 4 P.M. | .12 | 48.5 | 50.5 | 50.5 | 52 | S. 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .25 | 49.5 | 51.5 | 51 | 52 | S. 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .38 | 49 | 52 | 51 | 53 | SSE. [[/table]] Morning cloudy with showers and stiff breeze. About 1.30 P.M. get underway again, under close reefs & so remain. [[line]] Saturday Oct 30 [[line]] [[table]] 4 A.M. | 29.34 | 48.5 | 50 | 49.5 | 52 | SE. 8 " | .26 | 50 | 53 | 52 | 52.5 | SE. 12 M. | .10 | 51 | 52.5 | 52 | 52.5 | E. by N. [[/table]] [[end page]] [[start page]] 53 [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability]] [[table]] [[table headings]] Time | Bar. | Ther.| Dry b. | Wet b.| Water. | Wind 4 P.M. | 28.80 | 52 | 53 | 52.5 | 53 | E 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .60 | 52 | 53 | 52.5 | 53 | NE. by E. 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .55 | 51 | 53 | 53.5 | 52.5 | NNE. [[/table]] Stormy. The wind which has been ^[[insertion]] rather [[/insertion]] light in the early A.M. increases, shifts to the eastward and blows very hard in squalls. Toward evening a stiff gale blowing and barometer down to 28.72 In the afternoon wear round on the port tack and heave to. The continued rough and adverse weather is very wearing on all hands. [[line]] Sunday Oct. 24th [[line]] [[table]] 4 A.M. | 28.64 | 52 | 53 | 53 | 54 | NW 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .88 | 50 | 51.5 | 51.5 | 52 | " [[ditto for: NW]] 12 M. | 29.09 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 52 | " [[ditto for: NW]] 4 P.M. | .22 | 49 | 51 | 51 | 53.5 | " [[ditto for: NW]] 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .34 | 49 | 52 | 53 | 54 | " [[ditto for: NW]] 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .34 | 49 | 51 | 52 | 54 | " [[ditto for: NW]] [[/table]] Day rainy clearing a little toward the latter part with one or two glimpses of sun. Wind shifts and becomes more moderate. About 1 A.M. get under way again under close reefed foresail and reefed jib.

54 [[line]] Monday Oct. 25th 1880 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability]] [[table]] [[table headings]] Time | Bar. | Ther.| Dry b. | Wet b.| Water. | Wind. 4 A.M. | 29.18 | 48.5 | 51 | 51 | 53 | NE. 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | 28.99 | 45 | 52 | 52 | 54 | N. 12 M. | 29.22 | 45 | 51.5 | 51.5 | 53.5 | NNW. 4 P.M. | .60 | 47 | 54 | 53.5 | 56 | NNW. 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .86 | 45 | 53.5 | 53 | 56 | WNW. 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | 30.04 | 45 | 49 | 49.5 | 56 | " [[ditto for: WNW. [[/table]] Day mostly cloudy with some sunshine in P.M. Wind moderate with a heavy sea, several hail squalls. [[line]] Tuesday Oct. 26th [[line]] [[table]] 4 A.M. | 30.11 | 45 | 49 | 49.5 | 59 | WNW. 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .28 | 46 | 50 | 49 | 59 | " [[ditto for: WNW. 12 M. | .33 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 58 | " [[ditto for: WNW.]] 4 P.M. | .33 | 51.5 | 53 | 51 | 58 | " [[ditto for: WNW.]] 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .38 | 48 | 51.5 | 51 | 58 | " [[ditto for: WNW.]] 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .39 | 48 | 52 | 51 | 57.5 | " [[ditto for: WNW.]] [[/table]] Day nearly half clear, wind light. Swell subsiding somewhat. Part the forepeak halyards link at the masthead in the morning but make a shift with a chain to repair it. All sail set for the first time since we left the Pass. [[end page]] [[start page]] 55 [[line]] Wednesday Oct 27/80 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability]] [[table]] [[table headings]] Time. | Bar. | Ther.| Dry b. | Wet b.| Water | Wind 4 A.M. | 30.38 | 49 | 53.5 | 51 | 59 | WNW. 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .40 | 49 | 56 | 57 | 61 | " [[ditto for: WNW.]] 12 M. | .40 | 51.5 | 56 | 53.5 | 61.5 | " [[ditto for: WNW.]] 4 P.M. | .38 | 55 | 56 | 55 | 61.5 | " [[ditto for: WNW.]] 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .40 | 51 | 56 | 55 | 62 | " [[ditto for: WNW.]] 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .38 | 52.5 | 56.5 | 54.5 | 61.5 | " [[ditto for: WNW.]] [[/table]] Day fine, half cloudy, wind moderate to light, dying away in evening. The quiet weather affords us a much needed relief after our previous storms. [[line]] Thursday Oct. 28th [[line]] [[table]] 4 A.M. | 30.34 | 53 | 54 | 53.5 | 62 | WNW. 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .34 | 57 | 56 | 55 | 62 | " [[ditto for: WNW.]] 12 M. | .30 | 55 | 59 | 57 | 65 | ESE. 4 P.M. | .22 | 55 | 59 | 57 | 62 | " [[ditto for: ESE.]] 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .15 | 57 | 61 | 59 | 62 | " [[ditto for: ESE.]] 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .01 | 56 | 59 | 58.5 | 62 | " [[ditto for: ESE.]] [[/table]] Weather cloudy, quiet. Wind light & shifts to the eastward. In the morning carry away the end of the fore gaff in the eyes of the downhaul, but this is easily repaired. Work over records for the first time since we left as the rough weather has not permitted it before.

56 [[line]] Friday Oct. 29/80 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability]] [[table]] [[table headings]] Time | Bar. | Ther.| Dry b. | Wet b.| Water. | Wind. 4 A.M. | 29.92 | 56.5 | 59 | 59.5 | 62 | ESE. 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .72 | 57 | 60 | 61 | 66 | E. 12 M. | .58 | 60 | 63 | 63.5 | 63 | E. 4 P.M. | .45 | 63 | 65 | 65 | 67 | N. 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .45 | 63 | 65 | 65 | 67 | N. 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .45 | 59.5 | 61.5 | 61 | 63.5 | N. [[/table]] Rainy & foggy. Very light wind & southerly swell. About 8 P.M. shifts & freshens. [[line]] Saturday Oct 30th [[line]] [[table]] 4 A.M. | 29.48 | 59 | 62 | 61.5 | 64 | NNW. 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .62 | 58 | 62 | 61.5 | 66 | " [[ditto for: NNW.]] 12 M. | .70 | [[strikethrough]] 6 [[/strikethrough]] 54 | 55.5 | 54.5 | 66 | NW. 4 P.M. | .82 | 54 | 57.5 | 56.5 | 64.5 | " [[ditto for: WNW.]] 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .98 | 52.5 | 57 | 55 | 65 | WNW. 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | 30.03 | 54 | 56 | 55.5 | 65.5 | " [[ditto for: WNW.]] [[/table]] Weather cloudy. Fresh to strong wind and rather heavy swell. [[line]] Sunday Oct 31st [[line]] [[table]] 4 A.M. | 30.08 | 52.5 | 57.5 | 56 | 64.5 | WNW. 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .11 | 53 | 57 | 56.5 | 66 | " [[ditto for: WNW.]] 12 M. | .08 | 55.5 | 61 | 60 | 65 | SW. 4 P.M | .08 | 53 | 60 | 56.5 | 64 | S. 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .08 | 53.5 | 60 | 56.5 | 64 | S. 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .08 | 58.5 | 63 | 60.5 | 65 | S. [[/table]] Cloudy with light airs. Later fresh wind. [[end page]] [[start page]] 57 [[line]] Monday Nov. 1, 1880 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability]] [[table]] [[table headings]] Time | Bar. | Ther.| Dry b. | Wet b.| Water | Wind 4 A.M. | 30.05 | 59 | 63 | 63 | 66 | S. 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .06 | 60.5 | 64 | 61.5 | 65 3/4 | SSW. 12 M. | .06 | 64 | 66 | 65 | 66 | " [[ditto for: SSW.]] 4 P.M. | .06 | 64 | 67.5 | 65 | 66.5 | " [[ditto for: SSW.]] 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .10 | 63.5 | 67 | 66 | 66 | " [[ditto for: SSW.]] 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .12 | 64 | 67 | 66 | 66 | " [[ditto for: SSW.]] [[/table]] Weather 2/3 cloudy with fresh breeze and rather choppy sea. Work over records. [[line]] Tuesday Nov. 2 [[line]] [[table]] 4 A.M. | 30.14 | 64.5 | 67 | 66 | 66 | SSW. 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .18 | 64 | 67 | 67 | 66 | SW. 12 M. | .24 | 66.5 | 69 | 68 | 66 | " [[ditto for: SW.]] 4 P.M. | .24 | 64 | 68 | 68 | 66 | " [[ditto for: SW.]] 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .26 | 64 | 65.5 | 65.5 | 65.5 | " [[ditto for: SW.]] 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .32 | 64 | 67 | 66.5 | 66 | " [[ditto for: SW.]] [[/table]] Foggy with light wind & occasional rains [[line]] Wednesday Nov. 3 [[line]] [[table]] 4 A.M. | 30.32 | 64 | 67 | 66 | 66 | SW. 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .34 | 63.5 | 65.5 | 65 | 66 | WNW. 12 M. | .35 | 64 | 66 | 66 | 66 | NW. 4 P.M. | .35 | 64.5 | 66.5 | 66.5 | 66 | NNE. 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .36 | 62 | 63.5 | 63.5 | 66 | NE. 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .35 | 61 | 63 | 63 | 66 | NNE. [[/table]] Foggy with light airs. Work over records.

58 [[line]] Thursday Nov. 4. 1880 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability]] [[table]] [[table headings]] Time. | Bar. | Ther.| Dry b. | Wet b.| Water | Wind 4 A.M. | 30.35 | 60.5 | 62.5 | 62 | 64.5 | N. by E. 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .38 | 62 | 61 | 60 | 65 | " [[ditto for: N. by E.]] 12 M. | .39 | 61.5 | 61.5 | 62 | 63 | " [[ditto for: N. by E.]] 4 P.M. | .28 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 62.5 | N. 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .26 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 62 | " [[ditto for: N.]] 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .22 | 63 | 60.5 | 60 | 62 | " [[ditto for: N.]] [[/table]] Foggy with fresh breeze, stronger in P.M. when it clears away. [[line]] Friday Nov. 5th [[line]] [[table]] 4 A.M | 30.18 | 62 | 61 | 60 | 61.5 | N 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .18 | 55.5 | 58.5 | 58.5 | 58 | " [[ditto for: N]] 12 M | .16 | 57 | 58.5 | 59 | 56 | " [[ditto for: N]] 4 P.M | .12 | 61 | 60.5 | 61 | 58.5 | NNW. 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .12 | 56.5 | 59.5 | 58.5 | 59.5 | " [[ditto for: NNW.]] 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .10 | 56 | 58 | 58 | 60 | " [[ditto for: NNW.]] [[/table]] Clear all day with moderate breeze [[line]] Saturday Nov. 6 [[line]] [[table]] 4 A.M. | 30.10 | 55 | 57 | 56.5 | 56 | E. by N. 8 " | .11 | 55 | 57 | 57 | 56 | 12 M. | .10 | 67 | 62 | 61.5 | 59 | [[/table]] Wind light; weather foggy. Clears and wind freshens at noon. At 4.25 anchor off Meiggs wharf, San Francisco. [[end page]] [[start page]] 59. [[line]] Sunday Nov. 7th, 1880 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability]] [[table]] [[table headings]] Time. | Bar. | Therm.| Dry b. | Wet b.| Water | Wind 6 A.M. | 30.19 | 52 | 54 | 54.5 | 58 | - 12 M. | .10 | 60 | 67 | 66 | 57.5 | - 6 P.M. | .10 | 54 | 56 | 56 | 59 | - [[/table]] Weather fine; wind moderate to fresh. [[line]] Monday, Nov. 8th [[line]] [[table]] 6 A.M. | 30.06 | 52 | 57 | 57 | 58 | Calm 12 M. | .04 | 59.5 | 63 1/2 | 65 | 59.5 | NW. 6 P.M. | 29.98 | 58 | 64 | 62 | 58 | NW. [[/table]] Weather fine; wind moderate. [[line]] Tuesday Nov. 9th [[line]] [[table]] 6 A.M. | 30.00 | 52 | 52 | 58 | 58 | - 12 M. | .04 | 58.5 | 60 | 61.5 | 59 | - 6 P.M | .02 | 58 | 58 1/2 | 58 | 57.5 | NW. [[/table]] Weather hazy; wind fresh. [[line]] Wednesday Nov. 10th [[line]] [[table]] 6 A.M. | 30.16 | 49 | 50 | 50.5 | 52 | N. 12 M. | .18 | 51.5 | 51.5 | 50.5 | 58.5 | N. 6 P.M. | .12 | 55 | 57 | 56 | 58 | NW. [[/table]] Clear and fine; wind light. [[line]] Thursday Nov. 11th [[line]] [[table]] 6 A.M. | 30.20 | 50 | 52 | 52 | 59 | N. 12 M. | .20 | 52.5 | 57.5 | 56.5 | 58 | N. 6 P.M. | .20 | 55 | 57 | 57 | 58 | N. [[/table]] Weather hazy; wind moderate to fresh.

Friday Nov. 12th 1880 [[this page includes tables of 7 columns and 3 rows each - "|" used to separate information.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time | Bar. | Therm. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water. | Wind. 6 A.M | 30.20 | 52 | 57 | 56 | 53 | N. 12 M | .22 | 57 | 59 | 58.5 | 57 | 6 P.M.| .20 | 58 | 55 | 54 | 57.5 | [[/table]] Weather fine; wind moderate. Saturday Nov. 13th [[table]] 6 A.M. | 30.19 | 53 | 55 | 54 | 57 | NE. 12 M. | .20 | 58.5 | 60 | 59.5 | 56.5 | E. 6 P.M. | .18 | 62.5 | 63 | 64.5 | 57 | Calm [[/table]] Weather hazy; wind light. Sunday Nov. 14th [[table]] 6 A.M. | 30.30 | 55 | 55 | 54 | 55 | E. 12 M. | .42 | 58 | 55 | 52 | 56 | NW. 6 P.M. | .39 | 57 | 51 | 50 | 55 | NW. [[/table]] Weather fine; wind moderate. Monday Nov. 15th [[table]] 6 A.M. | 30.38 | 54 | 54 | 53 | 56 | E. 12 M. | .28 | 59 | 59 | 59.5 | 57 | 6 P.M. | .15 | 56 | 56.5 | 56 | 57 | [[/table]] Morning fine; wind fresh. [[end page]] [[start page]] [[blank page]]

U.S.C. & G.S. Carlile P. Patterson, Superintendent. [[underlined in red]] 1880 [[/underlined]] Section XII. [[underlined in red]] Sea Temperatures [[/underlined]] at the surface, bottom and at various depths in [[underlined in red]] Bering Sea and Arctic Ocean [[/underlined]] with other hydrographic notes by the hydrographic party on board the U.S.C & G.S. Schr. [[underlined in red]] Yukon [[/underlined]] W.H.Dall Actg. Asst. in charge. Note: All temperatures are expressed in Fahrenheit degrees and all depths in fathoms. [[end page]] [[start page]] 63' [[underlined in red]] Station, [[/underlined]] Cape Lisburne Arctic Ocean, 3/4 mile off shore. [[underlined in red]] Date, [[/underlined]] 1880, August 21, 9.30 A.M. [[underlined in red]] Wind [[/underlined]] light N.E., Sky overcast. Temp. of air 50°. [[table]] [[table headings:]] Depth | Temperature -------------|------------- Bottom 6 3/4 | 48 1/8 6 | 48 1/2 5 | 48 1/2 3 | 48 3/4 Top | 49 1/8 [[/table]] [[underlined in red]] Station [[/underlined]] Anchorage off Point Belcher, Arctic Ocean [[underlined in red]] Date [[/underlined]] 1880, August 28. 8 A.M. [[underlined in red]] Wind [[/underlined]] fresh N.E Sky overcast. Temp. of air 40°. [[table]] [[table headings:]] Depth | Temperature. -----------|------------- Bottom 9 | 41 3/4 Top | 42 3/4 [[/table]]

2 [[underlined in red]] Station. [[/underlined]] At Sea {Lat. 64-25 Long. 172-04 { [[underlined]] teste [[/underlined]] U.S. Hyd. Ch. No. 68. [[underlined in red]] Date [[/underlined]] 1880. August 15 9 1/2 A.M. [[underlined in red]] Weather [[/underlined]] Half clear & calm. Temp. of air - 45° [[underlined in red]] Astronomical Observations [[/underlined]] were made to locate this station - [[underlined in red]] see [[/underlined]] Astronomical Observations Vol. 1 1880, p. 79. [[underlined in red]] Bearings [[/underlined]] also were taken for which - [[underlined in red]] see . [[/underlined]] [[underlined in red]] Telemeter [[/underline]] Notes 1880, Vol. 2 p. 105 Depth | Temperature -------|------------- 10 | 38 Top | 38 1/2 [[end page]] [[start page]] 65 [[superscript]] 3 [[/superscript]] [[underlined in red]] Soundings [[/underlined]] and Temperature in Bering Strait [[underlined in red]] Date [[/underlined]] 1880. September 5th Sunday. Depth | Temperature | 1 Remarks ----------|-------------|------------------- Bottom 28 | 37°. 1/2 | h m 25 | 37. 1/8 |at 7. 05 A.M. Edge of E. Cape 20 | 36 3/4 | {SW. 1/2 S 15 | 37 |of Asia bore {W. by N 1/2 N. 10 | 37 1/2 |Vessel under foresail & jib 5 | 37 1/2 |strong N.W. wind, sea rough Top | 37 1/2 |small and large ice in water | |a little further in closely | |packed ----------|-------------| | | h m | |at 7.20 log set on zero; course | |E. Magnetic. (If anything she | |made to weather of the course) | | h m Top | 38 |7.30 a.m. " | 37 |7.40 " | |7.45 Big Diomede N. edge bears " | |S.E. 1/4 E) " | 36 1/2 |7.50 - Air 37° 1/2 - ----------|-------------| | 2 |8.0 come to. Log reads 4 miles. | |Temp. of air 38°. Bottom 26 | 36 3/4 | 20 | 37 | 15 | 37 1/8 | 10 | 37 1/8 | 5 | 37 1/4 |

4 [[there is an arrow pointing to the following pencil phrase written in top margin; arrow originates from second instance of word "Top" below:]] Leave space bet. [[/top margin pencil phrase]] [[table]] [[table header]] Depth | Temperature | Remarks --------------------------------------------- | | h m Top | 37 3/8 | 8.12 - Kept off - Air 38 ----------|--------------| Top | 37 1/2 | 8.20 " [[ditto for: Top]] | 38 1/2 | 8.30 " [[ditto for: Top]] | 39 3/4 | 8.40 | | | | 8.50 Come to. Log reads 9 miles | 3 | [[strikethrough]] Temp. of air 30° | | [[/strikethrough]] Bottom 25 | 39 1/2 | E. edge of Big Diomede S.E. by S. 20 | 40 1/4 | W. """" [[dittos for: edge of Big Diomede]] | | S. 3/4 E. 15 | 40 1/2 | E. "" [[dittos for: edge of]] Little " [[ditto | | for: Diomede]] S.E. 3/4 S. 10 | 40 3/4 | 5 | 41 1/4 | Top | 41 1/4 | 9.00 Kept off E. Temp of air 38. | | Top | 41 3/8 | 9.10 Top | 42 | 9.20 Top | 42 | 9.30 Top | 41 1/2 | 9.40 Top | 42 7/8 | 9.50 Come to - Log reads 14 1/2 miles. | | Temp. of air 40° | | W. edge of Big Diomede S. by W. 1/2 W. | | E. """" [[dittos for: edge of Big Diomede]] | | S 1/4 W | | E "" [[dittos for: edge of]] Little " [[ditto | | for: Diomede]] S by E 1/4 E | 4 | Bottom 26 | 41 3/4 | 20 | 40 1/2 | [[end page]] [[start page]] 5 6 [[overwritten]] 6 [[/overwritten]] 7 [[table]] [[table header]] Depth | Temperature | Remarks --------------------------------------------- Bottom 15 | 39 3/4 | 10 | 42 1/4 | 5 | 43 | Top | 43 1/2 | 10. A.M. Keep off. | | Top | 44 1/8 | 10.10 Keep off. E by S. Log reads 16 | | miles Top | 45 | 10.20 Top | 45 5/8 | 10.30 Top | 45 3/4 | 10.40 | 5 | Bottom | | 26 1/2 | 45° 1/4 | 10.50 A.M. Log reads 20 1/4 miles 20 | 45 1/4 | Temp. of air 40° 3/4 Bar. 29.46. 15 | 45 3/4 | Sky partly clear, wind fresh, sea 10 | 45 3/4 | choppy indicating current to northward 5 | 46 1/2 | W. edge of Big Diomede S. W. 1/2 W. Top | 46 1/2 | E. """" [[dittos for: edge of Big | | Diomede S by W. 1/2 W. | | E " [[ditto for: edge]] of Little | | " [[ditto for: Diomede]] S. by W. | | Cape Prince of Wales S. E. 3/4 E. | | | | 11 o'clk kept her off. E by S. | | Top | 47° 1/4 | 11.10 A.M. " [[ditto for: Top]] | 47 1/4 | 11.20 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] " [[ditto for: Top]] | 47 1/4 | 11.30 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] " [[ditto for: Top]] | 47 1/4 | 11.40.

6 [[table]] [[three columns with titles]] Depth | Temperature | 6 Remarks [[/column titles]] Bottom 28 | 46° 1/2 | 11h 50m A.M. Log reads 27 miles 20 | 46 3/4 | Temp. of air 41°. Barom 29.44 15 | 46 1/2 | 10 | 47 1/2 | Cape Prince of Wales SE 3/4 S 5 | 47 3/4 | Fairway Rock S by W. Top | 47 1/2 | W. edge of Little Diomede S.W. 1/4 S. | | W " " [[Dittos for: edge of]] Big " [[Ditto for: Diomede]] S.W. by W. 1/4 W. | | Kept her off E.S.E. from here at 12 M. Top | 47° 1/2 | 12.10 P.M. " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 47 1/2 | 20 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 47 3/4 | 30 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 47 3/4 | 36 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] Bottom 25 | 46° 3/4 [[insertion]] 7 [[/insertion]] | 12h.50m P.M. Log reads 33 miles 20 47 1/8 | Temp. of air 42 Barom 29.42 15 | 47 1/2 | 10 | 47 1/2 | Cape Prince of Wales S.E. by S 1/2 S. 5 | 48 | Top | 48 | Mountains E 3/4 S. | | 1h.04m P.M. Kept off S.S.E. Top | 47 1/2 | 1.10 P.M. " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 47 3/4 | 20 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] [[/table]] [[end page]] [[start page]] 7 69 [[table]] [[three columns with titles]] Depth | Temperature | Remarks [[/column titles]] Top | 47 3/4 | 1h. 30m P.M. " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 47 1/2 | 40 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 46 3/4 | 50 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 46 7/8 | 2 - .0 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 46 3/8 | 10 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 8 Bottom 23 | 46° 3/8 | 2h.15m P.M. Log reads 41 miles 15 | 46 1/2 | Temp. of air 40° 1/2 Barom. 29.40 10 | 46 1/2 | 5 | 46 7/8 | Lat. 65° 38' N Lon. 168 09 W. Top | 46 7/8 | Fairway Rock W. by S. 1/2 S | | Cape Prince of Wales East | | 2h. 22 1/2m P.M. Kept off S.E. Top | 47° | 2h. 45m P.M. " [[Ditto for: Top]] 47 1/8 | 3.15 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] " [[Ditto for: Top]] 47 1/4 | 3.45 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] " [[Ditto for: Top]] 47 1/2 | 4.15 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] " [[Ditto for: Top]] 47 1/4 | 4.45 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] " [[Ditto for: Top]] 47 | 8.00 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] anchor in entrance of Port Clarence [[/table]]

8 [[underlined in red]] Station [[/underlined]] Anchorage off Big Diomede Id. Bering Str [[underlined in red]] Date [[/underlined]] 1880. Sept 10 - Friday [[underlined in red]] Wind [[/underlined]] fresh N.N.W. to N. (Mag) Temp. of air 38° @ 7 A.M. Bearings from anchorage Fairway Rock E.S.E 1/8 E Little Diomede {E by N 1/4 N {N.E. 1/8 N. Big Diomede {N. 3/4 E. {W. 1/4 N. Depth | Temperature | Time | Remarks ------|-------------|-------|----------------------------------------------- Top | 43 1/2 | 7 A.M.| At 7 A.M. Tide running to N.E. and holding " | 44 | 8.30 | vessel broadside to the wind. At 7.50 ship " | 44 | 9- | swung around and at 8.10 the tide held her " | 44 | 9.30 | portside to the wind as before it had held Top | 44 |} | the starboard. 5 | 44 |} |---------------------------------------------- 10 | 43 1/4 |} | 15 | 42 1/2 |} 10- {| Serial soundings temp. with Sp. Gravity Cup. 20 | 42 1/2 |} {| 23 | 42 1/2 |} {| | | {| | | |---------------------------------------------- 23 | 41.2* | 10-10 | Sp. Gr. = .1024 Top | 44 1/3 | 10-10 | " " [[dittos for: Sp. Gr.]] = .1023 Top | 44 1/4 | 10.30 | * Bottom temp. here is too cool from | evaporation from the cup while standing in | the wind. [[* asterisks written in red ink]] [[end page]] [[start page]] 9 71 [[table]] [[Four columns with titles]] Depth | Temperature | Time | Remarks [[/column titles]] Top | 44 1/2 | 11. A.M. | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 44 1/2 | 11.30 | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 44 3/4 | 12.00 | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 44 3/4 | 12.30 P.M. | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 44 3/4 | 1.00 P.M. | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 44 3/4 | 1.30 | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 44 1/2 | 2.00 | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 45 | 3.00 | Made sail direct course for Indian Pt. | | | Surface current here 1 ft. per seconds W. by S. [[red underlined]] Bearings after swinging [[/red underlined]] | | | S edge E. Cape W. by N 1/2 N. | | | " " [[Dittos for: S edge]] Big Diomede N W. by W. 1/2 W. Obs. Spot (=Astronomical Station) N. by W 1/4 W | | | N. edge Big Diomede N. 1/2 E. | | | W. " [[Ditto for: edge]] Little " [[Ditto for: Diomede]] N. E. 1/2 N. | | | E. " " " [[Dittos for: edge Little Diomede]] E. by N 3/4 N [[red]] * [[/red]] | | | Fairway Rock E. S. E. [[red]] † [[/red]] | | | Cape Prince of Wales E 1/2 S [[red]] ‡ [[/red]] [[red horizontal line across page]] [[start red text]] * ENE 1/4 N † ? E by S 1/2 S Oct. 18th ‡ C. Oct. 16th [[/red text]]

10 Sept 10 - 1880 [[table]] [[four columns with titles]] Depth | Temperature | Time | Remarks [[/titles]] Top | 44 1/2 | 3.30 | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 44 1/2 | 4.00 | Air 40 1/2 " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 44 1/2 | 4.30 | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 44 1/2 | 5 P.M. | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 44.0 | 5.30 | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 43 1/4 | 6.00 | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 43 | 6.30 | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 44 | 7.00 | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 36 1/2 | 7.30 | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 37 | 8.00 | Air 36 1/2 " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 36 1/2 | 8.30 | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 36.0 | 9.00 | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 36.0 | 9.30 | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 35 1/2 | 10.00 | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 35 1/4 | 10.30 | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 35 | 11.00 | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 35 1/2 | 11.30 | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 36 | 12.00 P.M. | Air 36 " [[Ditto for: Top]] | | Sept 11th 1880 " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 36 | 12.30 A.M. | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 36 1/2 | 1.00 | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 37 | 1.30 | Came to - air 41 1/2 " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 37 | 2.00 | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 36 1/2 | 2.30 | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 36 | 3.00 | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 36 | 3.30 | [[/table]] [[end page]] [[start page]] 11 73 [[table]] [[four columns with titles]] Depth | Temperature | Time | Remarks [[/titles]] Surface | 36 | 4.00 | Made sail - course S to 5 A.M. " [[Ditto for: Surface]] | 36 | 4.30 | air 35 1/2 " [[Ditto for: Surface]] | 36 | 5.00 | Course S.S.W. " [[Ditto for: Surface]] | 37 | 5.30 | " [[Ditto for: Surface]] | 38 | 6.00 | " [[Ditto for: Surface]] | 40 | 6.30 | " [[Ditto for: Surface]] | 40 1/2 | 7.00 | " [[Ditto for: Surface]] | 39 1/2 | 7.30 | " [[Ditto for: Surface]] | 38 | 8.00 | Air 36 1/2 " [[Ditto for: Surface]] | 37 1/2 | 8.30 | " [[Ditto for: Surface]] | 37 1/2 | 9.00 | " [[Ditto for: Surface]] | 37 1/2 | 9.30 | " [[Ditto for: Surface]] | 38 1/2 | 10.00 | " [[Ditto for: Surface]] | 41 | 10.30 | Indian Pt. & land beyond in one N.W. 1/2 W at 11.30 A.M. Top | 40 | 11.00 | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 40 1/2 | 11.30 | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 37 1/3 | 12. M. | Air 38 1/2 " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 38 | 12.30 P.M. | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 38 1/2 | 1 P.M. | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 38 | 2 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 37 1/2 | 3 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 37 1/2 | 4 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] | Air 40° " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 38 | 5 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 38 | 6 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 37 1/2 | 7 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] | [[/table]]

12 [[table with four columns]] [[table headings]] Depth | Temperature | Time | Remarks [[/table headings]] Top | 37 | 8 P.M. | Air 39° " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 37 | 9 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 37 | 10 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] | Becalmed " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 37 | 10 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] | " [[Ditto for: Becalmed]] Sept 12th. 1880 " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 36 | 12 A.M. | Air 37° Becalmed " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 36 | 1 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] | " [[Ditto for: Becalmed]] " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 36 | 2 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] | " [[Ditto for: Becalmed]] " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 36 | 3 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] | Becalmed South of Plover Bay " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 36 | 4 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] | Air 35 1/2 " [[Ditto for: South of Plover Bay]] " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 36 | 5 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 36 1/2 | 6 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 37 1/2 | 7 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] | About this time enter the heads " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 38 | 8 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] | of Plover Bay. Air 37° " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 38 | 9 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 38 | 10 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 40 | 11 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] | " [[Ditto for: Top]] | 39 1/2 | 12 M | Air 42 1/2 Come to anchor 11.45 [[/table]] [[end page]] [[start page]] 13 75 Temperature of surface ^[[insertion]] sea [[/insertion]] water taken hourly on voyage from Plover Bay, E. Siberia to Unalashka Id. U.S.S. "Yukon" - Friday Sept 17th 1880 [[Table]] [[First column]] [[Column titles]] Temp | Time [[/column titles]] 38 1/4 | 9. A.M. 38 1/4 | 10. " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 38 1/2 | 11. " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 38 | 12 Noon 38 | 1 P.M. 38 1/2 | 2 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 39 1/2 | 3 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 40 | 4 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 43 | 5 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 42 1/2 | 6 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 44 | 7 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 43 1/2 | 8 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 41 | 9 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 42 | 10 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 43 | 11 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 44 | 12 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] [[/first column]] [[second column]] [[underlined]] Sept. 18th '80 [[/underlined]] [[Column titles]] Temp | Time [[/column titles]] 44 | 1. A.M. 43 1/2 | 2 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 44 | 3 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 45 | 4 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 43 | 5 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 43 1/2 | 6 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 43 3/4 | 7 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 44 | 8 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 45 | 9 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 45 1/2 | 10 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 45 | 11 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 45 | 12 Noon 44 1/2 | 1 P.M. 44 1/2 | 2 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 44 1/2 | 3 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 44 1/2 | 4 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 44 | 5 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 44 1/2 | 6 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 45 | 7 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 45 | 8 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 45 1/2 | 9 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 45 1/2 | 10 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] [[/second column]] [[third column]] [[underlined]] Sept. 18th Contd. [[/underlined]] [[Column titles]] Temp | Time [[/column titles]] 45 1/2 | 11. P.M. 46 | 12. [[line]] [[underlined]] Sept. 19th '80 [[/underlined]] [[Column titles]] Temp | Time [[/column titles]] 45 1/2 | 1 A.M. 45 1/2 | 2 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 45 | 3 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 45 | 4 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 45 1/2 | 5 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 45 | 6 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 45 1/2 | 7 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 45 1/2 | 8 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 43 | 9 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 42 3/4 | 10 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 43 | 11 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 42 3/4 | 12 Noon 44 | 1 P.M. 45 1/2 | 2 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 45 1/2 | 3 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 45 | 4 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 46 | 5 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 45 3/4 | 6 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] [[/third column]] [[fourth column]] [[Column titles]] Temp | Time [[/column titles]] 45 1/2 | 7 P.M. 46 | 8 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 45 1/4 | 9 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 45 | 10 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 45 | 11 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 44 1/2 | 12 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] [[/fourth column]] [[line]] [[strikethrough]] Surface sea water [[/strikethrough]]

14 Surface Sea Water [[table]] [[First column]] [[underlined]] Sept 20th 1880 [[/underlined]] [[table headings]] Temp. | Time [[/table headings]] 44 | 1 A.M. 45 | 2 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 44 1/2 | 3 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 45 | 4 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 44 | 5 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 43 1/2 | 6 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 43 1/2 | 7 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 44 | 8 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 44 | 9 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 44 1/2 | 10 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 45 | 11 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 44 | 12 Noon 43 1/2 | 1 P.M. 43 1/2 | 2 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 43 1/2 | 3 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 43 1/2 | 4 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 43 1/2 | 5 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 43 | 6 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 42 1/2 | 7 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 42 1/2 | 8 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 42 | 9 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 42 | 10 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 42 1/2 | 11 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 43 | 12 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] [[/First column]] [[Second column]] [[underlined]] Sept 21st 1880 [[/underlined]] [[table headings]] Temp. | Time [[/table headings]] 42 1/2 | 1 A.M. 42 1/2 | 2 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 42 1/2 | 3 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 42 1/2 | 4 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 42 | 5 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 42 1/2 | 6 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 44 | 7 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 44 | 8 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 43 | 9 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 43 | 10 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 43 1/2 | 11 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 43 1/2 | 12 Noon 44 | 1 P.M. 44 | 2 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 44 | 3 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 44 | 4 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 44 | 5 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 43 1/2 | 6 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 43 | 7 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 43 | 8 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 43 | 9 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 43 | 10 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 43 | 11 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 43 | 12 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] [[/Second column]] [[Third column]] [[underlined]] Sept 22nd 1880 [[/underlined]] [[table headings]] Temp. | Time [[/table headings]] 43 | 1 A.M. 43 | 2 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 43 | 3 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 43 1/2 | 4 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 43 1/2 | 5 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 43 1/2 | 6 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 44 | 7 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 44 | 8 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 44 | 9 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 43 | 10 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 43 | 11 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 42 | 12 Noon 42 1/2 | 1 P.M. 42 1/2 | 2 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 42 1/2 | 3 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 43 | 4 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 42 1/2 | 5 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 43 | 6 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 43 | 7 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 43 1/2 | 8 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 44 | 9 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 44 1/2 | 10 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 45 | 11 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 45 | 12 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] [[/Third column]] [[end page]] [[start page]] 15 77 Surface sea water [[table]] [[First column]] [[underlined]] Sept 23rd 1880 [[/underlined]] [[table headings]] Temp. | Time [[/table headings]] 44 1/2 | 1 A.M. 44 1/2 | 2 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 44 1/2 | 3 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 44 1/2 | 4 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 44 1/2 | 5 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 45 | 6 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 45 | 7 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 45 1/2 | 8 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 45 1/2 | 9 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 45 1/2 | 10 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 45 1/2 | 11 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 45 1/2 | 12 Noon 45 | 1 P.M. 45 | 2 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 45 | 3 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 45 | 4 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 45 1/2 | 5 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 45 1/2 | 6 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 45 1/2 | 7 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 45 1/2 | 8 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 45 1/2 | 9 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 45 1/2 | 10 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 45 1/2 | 11 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 45 1/2 | 12 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] [[/first column]] [[second column]] [[underlined]] Sept 24th 1880 [[/underlined]] [[table headings]] Temp. | Time [[/table headings]] 45 1/2 | 1 A.M. 45 1/2 | 2 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 45 1/2 | 3 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 46 | 4 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 46 1/2 | 5 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 46 3/4 | 6 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 47 | 7 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 47 | 8 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 47 | 9 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 47 | 10 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 47 | 11 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 47 1/2 | 12 Noon 47 1/4 | 1 P.M. 47 1/4 | 2 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 47 1/4 | 3 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 47 1/4 | 4 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 47 1/2 | 5 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 47 1/2 | 6 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 47 1/4 | 7 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 47 | 8 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 47 | 9 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 46 1/2 | 10 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 47 | 11 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 46 | 12 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] [[/second column]] [[third column]] [[underlined]] Sept 25th 1880 [[/underlined]] [[table headings]] Temp. | Time [[/table headings]] 46 1/2 | 1 A.M. 46 1/2 | 2 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 46 3/4 | 3 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 47 | 4 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 47 | 5 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 47 | 6 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 47 | 7 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 47 | 8 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 47 | 9 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 47 | 10 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 47 | 11 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 47 | 12 Noon 47 | 1 P.M. 47 | 2 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 47 | 3 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 47 | 4 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 46 | 5 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 46 | 6 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 46 | 7 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 46 | 8 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 46 | 9 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 46 | 10 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 46 | 11 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 46 | 12 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] [[/third column]]

16 Surface Sea Water [[table]] [[First column]] [[underlined]] Sept 26th 1880 [[/underlined]] [[table headings]] Temp. | Time [[/table headings]] 46 | 1 A.M. 46 | 2 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 46 | 3 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 46 | 4 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 46 1/2 | 5 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 46 1/2 | 6 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 46 1/2 | 7 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 46 1/2 | 8 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 47 | 11 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 47 | 12 Noon 46 3/4 | 1 P.M. 46 3/4 | 2 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 46 3/4 | 3 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 46 3/4 | 4 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 46 | 5 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 46 | 6 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 46 | 7 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 46 | 8 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 46 | 9 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 46 | 10 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 46 1/2 | 11 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 46 1/2 | 12 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] [[/First column]] [[Second column]] [[underlined]] Sept 27th 1880 [[/underlined]] [[table headings]] Temp. | Time [[/table headings]] 46 1/2 | 1 A.M. 46 1/2 | 2 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 46 | 3 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 46 | 4 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 46 | 5 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 46 | 6 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 46 | 7 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 46 | 8 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 46 | 9 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 46 | 10 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 46 1/2 | 11 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 46 1/2 | 12 Noon 46 | 1 P.M. 46 | 2 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 46 | 3 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 46 | 4 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 46 | 5 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 46 | 6 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 46 | 7 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 45 1/2 | 8 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 45 1/2 | 9 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 45 1/2 | 10 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 45 1/2 | 11 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 45 1/2 | 12 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] [[/Second column]] [[Third column]] [[underlined]] Sept 28th 1880 [[/underlined]] [[table headings]] Temp. | Time [[/table headings]] 45 1/2 | 1 A.M. 45 1/2 | 2 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 45 1/2 | 3 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 45 1/2 | 4 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 45 1/2 | 5 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 45 1/2 | 6 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 45 1/2 | 7 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 45 1/2 | 8 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 45 1/2 | 9 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 45 1/2 | 10 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 45 1/2 | 11 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 45 1/2 | 12 Noon 45 1/2 | 1 P.M. 45 | 2 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 44 1/2 | 3 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 44 1/2 | 4 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 44 1/2 | 5 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 44 1/2 | 6 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 44 | 7 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 43 3/4 | 8 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 43 | 9 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 43 | 10 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 43 | 11 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] 43 | 12 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] [[/third column]] [[/table]] [[end page]] [[start page]] 17 79 Surface Sea Water [[table]] [[First column]] [[underlined]] Sept 29th 1880 [[/underlined]] [[table headings]] Temp. | Time [[/table headings]] 43 | 1 A.M. 43 | 2 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 43 | 3 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 43 | 4 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 43 | 5 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 43 | 6 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 43 | 7 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 43 | 8 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] 44 1/2 | 12 Noon [[/first column]] [[strikethrough]] Surface Sea water from Plover Bay to Unalashka [[/strikethrough]]

18 [[underlined]] Native Names - Sept. 10th '80 [[/underlined]] Ǐng-ah-khlǔk´ - Little Diomede Ǐmah- Khlǔk´ Big " [[ditto for: Diomede]] Wee-yǔh Fairway Rock Nū-wǔkh´ East Cape People on Ǐng-ǔh-klee-mūt Little Diomede Ǐmah-klee-mūt Big " [[ditto for: Diomede]] No-ghwah-mūt East Cape Kǔghǔkh-tǔz´-ū-mūt Chūck-chi Nǔghǐn Eider duck [[underlined]] Sept. 12th '80 [[/underlined]] Corneli says Reindeer men call themselves Tsauyūat. Native says Plover Bay people call themselves Ee´yǔk. [[end page]] [[start page]] 81 [[the following numbers/calculations are on an extra, loose piece of paper inserted into the notebook at this point, over the page numbered 81:]] 102 790 per p. 200 100 25 4 8 --- 32 35 78 ----- 280 245 ----- 2730 [[/information from separate paper insert]]

18 [[underlined]] Native Names - Sept. 10th '80 [[/underlined]] Ǐng-ah-khlǔk´ - Little Diomede Ǐmah- Khlǔk´ Big " [[ditto for: Diomede]] Wee-yǔh Fairway Rock Nū-wǔkh´ East Cape People on Ǐng-ǔh-klee-mūt Little Diomede Ǐmah-klee-mūt Big " [[ditto for: Diomede]] No-ghwah-mūt East Cape Kǔghǔkh-tǔz´-ū-mūt Chūck-chi Nǔghǐn Eider duck [[underlined]] Sept. 12th '80 [[/underlined]] Corneli says Reindeer men call themselves Tsauyūat. Native says Plover Bay people call themselves Ee´yǔk. [[end page]] [[start page]] 81

24) 150/06 67.29 66.13 ______ 1.16 66.35 ______ 67.51 68.09 ______ 18 18 7 ____ 126 35 ____ 161 26 ____ 187 204 SSW 1/4 W. 21 ____ 22 10

[[blank page]] [[end page]] [[start page]] Index Akutan 38,44, Alaska, Sch'r 29 Anderson, Capt. 47,48. Archangel Gabriel Bay 27 Aspidnoi (Slate) Point 41 Bailey, Capt. 48 Baker, Mr. 23 Barometers Compared 41 Barrow Point 4, 6, 28, 29. Belcher Point 3,5,6. Bering Strait 18, 21, 24, 28. Big Diomede 23, 24, Blossom H.B.M.S. 9 Captains Bay 38, 44, 50 Chamisso Harbor 7, 8. Chamisso Island 9 Cheerful Cape 39 Chernoffsky Bay 41, 42, 44. Chernoffsky Harbor 39, 40. Choris Peninsula 10 Clarence, Port. 19, 20, 21, 22, 24. Cove Point 42, 43. Corwin U.S.S. 4, 7, 9, 44 Currents in the Arctic 28 Danenhower, Mr. 48

Dawn, Bark. 3 Dexter, Capt. 7 Diomedes, The. 22, 23. East, Cape. 19, 24, 25, 27, 28. Egg Island 51 Elephant Point 12 Eschscholtz Bay 8, 18. Fairway Rock 24. Fanny 9. Fisher, Capt. 4 Grantley Harbor 20 Hand, Lieut. 48 Herald H.B.M.S. 9 Herald Island 4, 28. Herald Shoal 29. Hickmot, Capt. 3 Hooper, Capt. 4 Hope, Point. 7, 28. Hunter Bark. 4 Icy Cape 7 Icy Cliffs, Choris Peninsula 11 Iliuliuk 42 Iliuliuk Harbor 45 Indian Point 26 Indian Vocabulary 24 [[end page]] [[start page]] Jeannette, The. 47. Jerningham, Capt 27, 28. Jisch Perry 29 Julia A Long, Schr. 27 Kasheega Village 42 Kings Island 22. Kotzebue Sound 8 Krusenstern, Cape 8. Kyska 48 Lapham, Capt. 26, 28. Lisburne, Cape. 1,7, 28, 29. Little Diomede 23, 24. Loleta Sch'r 7, 30. Long Sch'r 30, 32. Makushin Village 42 Marcus Bay 32 Mary and Helen, Ship 5, 27, 30, 31,32 Matthew Turner, Sch'r. 47, 50. Michaels Redoubt 47. Noyes, 23 Nushagak 47 Oliver Crocker 9 Owen, Capt. 5, 27, 28, 29, 32, 34 Pauline Collins, Sch'r. 45 Plover H.B.M.S. 9

Plover Bay 25, 26 Progress, Bark 26, 27, 31 Providence, Port. 26. Reinken, Mr. Adolph. 41 Rush, The 47, 48. St Laurence Island 27, 30, 31, 33. St Matthew Island 29, 34, 35 St. Michaels 47 Sandwich Islands 30 San Francisco 31, 44, 45, 51, 58. Sea Breeze, Bark. 26 Sea Horse Islands 4 Sea Temp. Point Belcher 63 " " [[dittos for: Sea Temp.]] Bering Strait 65 " " [[dittos for: Sea Temp.]] Cape Lisburne 63. " " [[dittos for: Sea Temp.]] Plover Bay to Unalashka Id 75 " " [[dittos for: Sea Temp.]] at Sea 64 Slate Point 41 Smith Mr. F. M. 47. Spencer Point 20 Tropic Bird, Brig. 27, 31. Unalga Pass 51 Umnak Pass 40 Unalashka Sch'r 45 Unalashka 36 Upright Cape 35 [[end page]] [[start page]] Victoria 9 Wagner Mr 41 Wykoff Mr 30 Yukon U.S.S. 9 York, Cape. 24

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