Field notes, 1880 (1 of 2)

32 [[line]] Friday June 18, 1880 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] Time. | Barom.| Det. Ther.| dry b.| wet b. | Water | Wind. 4 A.M. | 30.03 | 50 | 48 | 47 1/2 | 48 | West 8 [[ditto for: A.M.]]| .02 | 46 1/2 | 48 1/2 | 48 | 47 | " [[ditto for: West]] 12 M. | .04 | 49 | 51 1/2 | 51 | 48 | " [[ditto for: West]] 4 P.M. | .04 | 56 | 56 | 54 1/2 | 49 1/2 | " [[ditto for: West]] 8 [[ditto for: P.M.]]| 29.96 | 52 | 51 1/2 | 51 | 48 | " [[ditto for: West]] [[/table]] Morning partly clear wind light & baffling. Afternoon fine and clear. A.M. off Chichagoff Id. working up toward Cross Sound. Pt. Theodore is low and rocky, with four or five rocks above water extending off half a mile in a southerly direction. Hence to a small bay (Takhanis?) the shore is bold rocky, bare for a short distance, broken in to knobs & hillocks, back from the shore all is wooded. The S. and NW. parts of Jacobi Island are low, the middle high with some low saddles. The higher parts are not as high as the [[strikethrough]] middl [[/strikethrough]] mainland of Chichagoff Id. Northwestward from the first bay the shore is less broken. Cross Cape is low, wooded, with some large white rocks off from it. The outer largest one has a patch of grass, a few stubby trees [[end page]] [[start page]] 33 and one high solitary tree with an umbrella-like top and bare stem making an excellent mark. There are some low dry rocks outside of this. The water hereabouts is discolored on the surface probably from glacier water issuing from Cross Sound. Off the entrance to Lisiansky Strait (see sketch book) sounded in 78 fms at 8.30 A.M. At 10.15 A.M. sounded in thirty five fathoms Cross Cape rocks bearing N. 1 1/2 miles. At 11. A.M. sounded in twenty five fms. Cross Cape Rocks bearing NW. by N. and the peak of Fairweather NW 3/4 W. Plenty of fine rock cod caught here. At noon, Peak of Fairweather bore NW 3/4 W Cross Cape Rocks N by W. 1/4 W. From a meridian altitude (mean of 5 observations) the latitude appeared to be 57°.50'.8 N. At 1 P.M N edge Jacobi Id. N 1/4 W. N. islet Pt. Bingham N by W. 1/2 W. Cross cape rock E by N 1/2 N Pk. Mt Fairweather NW. 3/4/ W. Later; the outermost rocks at Pt. Bingham in one with outermost land southward, ESE. Later; Rocks off SW. edge of Pt. Bingham in one with Cross Cape Rock SE by S. the nearest shore now bearing east, one mile.

34 Friday June 18th continued. Low edge of Cape Spencer NW. by N.1/2 N. 1st point off " " [[dittos for: Cape Spencer]] NW. by 1/2 W Next """" [[dittos for: point off Cape Spencer]] NW by W Pt. islet or knob beyond NW by W 3/4 W A point or islet lies midway between the two last mentioned. Later; the low eastern edge of Spencer in one with E. edge of Taylor glacier NW 1/4 W. Elevation of top of east ridge of glacier 0°.87'.10" from mean of three sextant angles. the top of Three Hill Id. bearing NNE. Cape Spencer W 1/2 N. Glacier NW. Get into Cross Sound about 3 P.M. anchor in 15 fms mud in Granite Cove Port Althorp about 4.45 P.M. Go ashore and observe for station with telemeter & theodolite, also for declination & time. Draw seine but get only one trout, though herring are jumping in the cove. High water about 8 P.M. Sundogs in the evening [[line]] Saturday June 19th 1880 [[line]] [[page includes table with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] Time. | Barom.| Dct. Ther.| dry b. | wet b. | Water | Wind. 6 A.M. | 29.90 | 47 | 49 | 48 1/2 | 47 | W 12 M. | .86 | 49 | 49 1/2 | 49 | 47 | " [[ditto for: W]] 6 P.M. | .82 | 50 | 49 | 48 1/2 | 47 1/2 | S [[/table]] [[end page]] [[start page]] 35 Morning foggy; later, rains. P.M. Rains hard with fog, heavy swell heaving in. Observations for dip and intensity in A.M. before breakfast; after breakfast, telemeter obs. and notes for a chart of the anchorage interrupted by heavy rain. Remainder of day foggy and story with falling barometer and heavy sell heaving in showing probably a S.W. gale [[outside?]]. [[line]] Sunday June 20/80 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] Time. | Barom.| Dct. Ther.| dry b. | wet b. | Water | Wind. 6 A.M. | 29.90 | 46 | 47 | 46 1/2 | 46 | S. 12 M. | .98 | 48 1/2 | 49 1/2 | 49 | 46 1/2 | Calm 6 P.M. | .96 | 47 | 48 | 48 | 46 | " [[ditto for: Calm]] [[/table]] Morning overcast until nearly noon when rain begins again and lasts until night, then thick rainy and disagreeable. In the morning continue telemeter work and complete sketch of cove just as rain comes on. Finish seven ranges of soundings it being low water about 8 A.M. this day but not much rise or fall. Afternoon plot telemeter observations and obtain a few vertical angles on Three Hill Id. etc. Evening thick & raining hard.

36 [[line]] Monday June 21 / 80 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table with 7 columns with headers Time, Bar., Dct. Ther., dry b., wet b., Water, Wind]] Time | Bar. | Dct. Ther. | dry b. | wet b. | Water | Wind 6 A.M. | 29.80 | 46 | 47 1/2 | 47 1/2 | 45 1/2 | N 12 M. | .80 | 49 | 50 | 50 1/2 | 46 1/2 | " [[ditto for: N]] 4 P.M. | .72 | 46 1/2 | 48 | 48 1/2 | 44 1/2 | Calm 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .68 | 48 | 48 1/2 | 49 | 47 1/2 | SW [["W" written over an "E"]] 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .80 | 45 | 49 | 49 1/2 | 48. | Calm [[/table]] Morning rainy wind light in the anchorage. Make ready for sea. Work over records About noon a little breeze springs up & we stand out of the anchorage, meeting a very heavy SW.[["W" written over an "E"]] swell and thick foggy and rainy weather, with very little wind until we reach out of the Sound when it blows strong from southward & westward. [[line]] Tuesday June 22 [[line]] [[table with 7 columns, headers inferred from previous table on page]] 4 A.M. | 29.82 [["9" written over an "8"]] | 44 1/2 | 45 1/2 | 46 | 46 | Calm 8 "[[ditto for: A.M.]]| .84 | 47 | 50 | 57 | 47 | S. 12 M. | .84 | 51 1/2 | 52 | 54 | 48 1/2 | " [[ditto for: S.]] 4 P.M | .85 | 47 | 50 1/2 | 49 | 46 | " [[ditto for: S.]] 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .89 | 47 | 47 | 46 1/2 | 46 | SE 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .90 | 45 | 47 | 46 1/2 | 46 | " [[ditto for: SE]] [[/table]] Wind very light with rain and fog and a very heavy swell. The vessel slatting until nearly every body is more or less unwell from [[end page]] [[start page]] 37 the stirring up. Had to take in sails at night to avoid slatting them to pieces. [[line]] Wednesday June 23 / 80 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table with 7 columns with headers Time, Bar., Det Ther., dry b., wet b., Water, Wind]] Time | Bar. | Dct Ther. | dry b. | wet b. | Water | Wind 4 A.M [["4" written over a "6"]] | 29.98 | 44 | 48 | 47 | 46 | SE 8 " [[ditto for: A.M]] | .96 | 43 | 44 1/2 | 44 | 46 | E 12 M. | .96 | 44 | 46 | 47 | 46 | " [[ditto for: E]] 4 P.M. | .98 | 44 | 46 | 46 | 47 | " [[ditto for: E]] 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .96 | 44 | 46 1/2 | 45 1/2 | 47 | " [[ditto for: E]] [[/table]] Weather overcast foggy and showery at intervals. Sea smoothing down a little but wind still very light. Sight the low land between Dry Bay & Yakutat. The wind finally dies away so, that, in working into Port Mulgrave, we have at last to tow the vessel round the point with the boat. Anchor in Pt. Mulgrave about 10.30 P.M. [[line]] Thursday June 24 [[line]] [[table with 7 columns, headers inferred from previous table on page]] 6 A.M. | 30.06 | 44 | 45 1/2 | 45 | 48 | W 12 M. | .12 | 54 | 53 | 52 1/2 | 49 | " [[ditto for: W]] 6 P.M. | .28 | 51 | 52 | 51 1/2 | 49 | " [[ditto for: W]] [[/table]] Morning drizzling rain with some signs of lighting up later. Lowwater large about 8 A.M. Set up tent and work over dip & intensity at or near old magnetic Δ of 1874, on Point Turner. P.M. Rainy & foggy, later clears

[[see next page, scan page # 25 of 56, for transcription of pages numbered 38 and 39 in field book]] [[Transcription of piece of paper inserted between pages 38 and 39:]] Taylor Glacier 25 miles angle elev. 37'.10.

38 a little and we get time and astronomical azimuth. Evening , clears considerably. Mt. St. Elias etc, in full sight. [[line]] Friday June 25/80 [[line]] [[page includes table with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] Time. | Bar. | Dct. Ther.| dry b. | wet b. | Water | Wind 6 A.M. | 30.34 | 46 | 48 | 47 1/2| 47 1/2 | Calm 12 M. | .38 | 51 | 52 | 51 1/2| 49 1/2 | W 4 P.M. | .38 | 53 | 51 | 50 1/2| 51 | SE 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.] | .34 | 48 | 47 | 47 | 49 1/2| NW 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]| .35 | 47 | 47 | 48 | 49 | " [[ditto for: NW]] [[/table]] Morning, wind light, sky half clear. Get out of Port Mulgrave. Prepare to take notes on coast between Yakutat and Kayak Id. The sky being clear the following angles were obtained on a prominent peak in the chain between Mt. St. Elias and Mt Cook which we decide to name after Malaspina. Corrected mean of four vertical sextant angles 2°.27'.50". Sounded here in sixty fathoms and found Ocean Cape bearing E. by S. 1/4 S. Krugloi Id. NE by E Pk St. Elias (approx) NW by W 1/2 W E. head Disenchantment Bay N 5/8 E. Point Manby. W. 1/2 S. The breakers off Pt. Phipps in one with outer-most land opp. shore W. by S. [[end page]] [[start page]] 39 Later, took the following bearings [[line]] Ocean Cape. E 1/4 N. Krugloi Id. NE S end Dolnoi Id. NE 1/2 N Centre Disenchantment Bay. N 1/2 E Pt. Manby. W N. end of trees on the shore NW 1/2 N Southern most edge of land W by S. 3/4 S. Nearest beach 2 1/2 miles off WNW. Later sounded in 21 fms mud [[line]] Point Manby WNW Ocean Cape E 1/2 S Disenchantment Bay NE by N 3/4 N [[strikethrough]] Outermost land [[/strikethrough]] Later, sounded in 10 fms. The shore at Point Manby being perhaps a little less than a mile and a half off, bottom hard with a good deal of growing kelp about. Pt. Manby bore NW Ocean Cape E 1/2 S Disenchantment Bay NE by N 3/4 N. Outermost land W. by S. In working slowly across the bay with very light wind and more or less swayed about by the tide two facts were developed. First, that Disenchantment Bay is con-

40 Friday June 25th cont. siderably further to the Northward than indicated by Tebenkoff and the north shore of the Yakutat Bay is considerably nearer the foot of the mountains than there indicated. For further notes on this point and on a peak of considerable height not before seen, behind the main chain, see notes on Tebenkoff and our own chart of this region. Mt. Fairweather showed up at sunset or a little before in one with Ocean Cape bearing East. The second point developed and which seemed at first incredible was the character of the great plateau in front of the St. Elias Alps on the north side of Yakutat. This appeared to be as follows. At the shore at Pt. Manby the beach was bordered by trees and a band of trees with high land or a low bluff (to all appearance) behind them extended eastward some miles as indicated by the preceding bearings. Near the point (northeastward) where the trees ended is a light or slight incurvature of the shore, beyond which it rounds out again forming another apparent point, with apparently an island off it. This, however from aloft proved to be connected with the main shore. In the [[end page]] [[start page]] 41 vicinity of this island-like point trees again border the beach. Within the beach for an unknown distance ^[[insertion]] back [[/insertion]] in a NW. direction the plateau is one great field of ice covered for the most part with dirt, but in the bight before indicated, there is a space for some miles where the surface is wholly composed of broken pinnacles of ice each crowned with a patch of dirt and standing up like prisms close to one another, decreasing in height from the summit of the plateau gradually in a sort of semicircular sweep toward the beach, near which however the dirt again predominates and forms the terminal moraine of this immense glacier for it is nothing else. Trains of large boulders were visible in several places, and the general course of the glacier was NW. and S.E. Between Disenchantment Bay and the foot of St. Elias, seventeen glaciers were counted, none of extraordinary size and the total of whose supply seemed far too little to supply the waste of the plateau glacier, to which those (which do

42 not reach the shore eastward of it, or cease before reaching it, as we could not see the joining of them anywhere) come in, in general, nearly at right angles. There was no névé to the plateau glacier and no high land back in the direction of its axis as far as we could see. Its surface was very dirty everywhere in fact mostly so covered with gravel stones &c, that only by a close view (several miles) could the icy substratum be determined, except at the part where the pinnacles were. Westward from Pt. Manby, if the ice existed (and it probably does exist under the soil) it was covered with a stratum of gravel or dirt, upon the seaward face of which were large patches of vegetation, and which formed bluffs perhaps 200 ft high as described by Belcher and seen by us in 1874. Off this bluff the soundings shoal off gradually with stony & sandy bottom with kelp growing on the stones. Ten fathoms are reached only a mile and a half from the shore. Evening comes on rather thick, light wind and drizzling rain toward midnight. [[end page]] [[start page]] 43 [[line]] Saturday June 26/80 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. | Bar. | Dct. ther. | dry b. | wet b. | Water.| Wind 4 A.M | 30.30 | 45 1/2 | 47 1/2 | 47 1/2 | 48 | NE 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]]| .32 | 43 | 47 1/2 | 48 | 46 | " [[ditto for: NE]] 12 M | .29 | 49 | 49 | 49 1/2 | 47 1/2 | E. 4 P.M.| .23 | 47 | 49 | 50 | 46 | " [[ditto for: E.]] 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]]| .20 | 48 | 50 | 49 | 47 | ESE. 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]]| .18 | 47 1/2 | 49 | 48 1/2 | 46 1/2 | " [[ditto for: ESE.]] [[/table]] Morning thick, heavy swell, light wind & rain About 4 A.M. near Pt. Sitkagi of Tebenkoff Low Pt. of same authority dimly visible, low with trees. Beyond, the West shore of Icy Bay just perceptible; when first seen and a little clearer had the appearance of a glacier coming to the water. Shore near us, bluff, gravel or sand with some vegetation, and a sand beach extending along its front with low bright green willows on it. Soundings a mile off shore, pretty regular in ten fathoms with kelp growing on boulders in the bottom. As the weather offers no prospect consistent with prudence of doing more work along shore, put out from land for Chugachik Bay Cook's Inlet. Sea rather rough, wind favorable, a little smoother toward evening.

44 -Sunday- [[line]] June 27th 1880 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[Table]] [[Table headings:]] Time | Bar. | Dct. ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water | Wind 4 AM. | 30.14 | 47 | 47 1/2 | 48 1/2 | 46 | E.S.E. 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]]| .12 | 48 1/2 | 49 | 49 | 47 | " [[ditto for: E.S.E.]] 12 M. | .03 | 50 | 51 | 57 | 47 | " [[ditto for: E.S.E.]] 4 P.M. | .02 | 50 | 50 50 | 46 | " [[ditto for: E.S.E.]] 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]]| .00 | 47 | 48 | 48 1/2 | 46 | SE. 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]]| .00 | 46 | 47 | 47 1/2 | 47 | " [[ditto for: SE.]] [[/table]] Morning, fresh southerly wind with some sea on. Weather overcast and more or less foggy. P.M. Wind lighter. [[line]] Monday June 28/80 [[line]] [[table]] 4 A.M. | 30.08 | 44 | 45 1/2 | 45 1/2 | 46 | SE 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]]| .09 | 46 | 48 | 49 | 45 1/2 | SE 12 M. | .12 | 50 | 52 | 51 1/2 | 45 1/2 | " [[ditto for: SE]] 4 P.M. | .10 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 45 | " [[ditto for: SE]] 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]]| .09 | 46 | 47 1/2 | 48 | 44 | ESE 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]]| .08 | 44 | 45 | 45 1/2 | 43 | " [[ditto for: ESE]] [[/table]] Morning overcast with occasional light showers. P.M. overcast, fair. Wind steady & favorable, moderate [[line]] Tuesday June 29th [[line]] [[table]] 4 A.M. | 30.04 | 46 | 44 | 45 | 43 | ESE 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]]| .08 | 51 | 53 1/2 | 53 | 44 | E 12 M | .08 | 48 | 50 | 49 1/2 | 44 | " [[ditto for: E]] 4 P.M | .14 | 47 1/2 | 48 | 47 1/2 | 43 | Calm 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]]| .02 | 46 | 48 | 47 1/2 | 44 | " [[ditto for: Calm]] 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]]| .03 | 46 | 47 1/2 | 48 | 46 | " [[ditto for: Calm]] [[/table]] [[end page]] [[start page]] 45 Morning, overcast with some fog, wind light all day. Later, sun breaks out at frequent intervals alternating with showers. Turn out early to examine the Barren Islands to which we pass quite near. Make several views of them. Cannot make the bearings come right with the chart. They are as follows. From a point near Port Chatham the eastern edge of the Barren Ids. bears SE. by S. 1/2 S. Western edge of eastern group S. 1/4 E. Cape Elisabeth S.E. 3/4 E. Point Bede N. 3/4 E. The Barren Ids, as a group, seem well delineated, but the group seems badly placed on Tebenkoff's chart. In the afternoon pass Fort Alexander and a fishing station. Send the boat in for some salmon, but the fishing party (of natives) retreat to the hill being probably all women, and there seems to be only one fish in the camp. Evening, pretty well up in Chugachik Bay, but the wind gives out and the weather is very moderate.

46 [[line]] Wednesday June 30/80 [[line]] [[page includes table with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. | Bar. | Dct. Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water | Wind 4 A.M.| 30.04 | 44 1/2 | 47 | 46 | 45 1/2 |Calm 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]]| | .06 | 45 | 47 | 47 | 46 1/2 | " [[ditto for: Calm]] 12 M. | .10 | 51 | 51 | 50 1/2 | 49 | SW 6 P.M. | .12 | 52 | 54 | 53 1/2 | 48 |SE [[/table]] Weather half cloudy, with occasional light showers nearly all day. A.M. calm or nearly. P.M. quite a squall for a short time, then light again, and clears about sunset. Anchor near ^ [[insertion]] Coal Pt. [[/insertion]] Chugachik Bay about 5 A.M. in six fms mud. Go ashore and select a station. Obserations for azimuth dip, time & intensity latitude and magnetic azimuth. Meet an old native here who informs me that the bay was completely frozen over last winter which was the coldest in his recollection. They have the ordinary salmon here usually by this time (but this is a late season in all things) but the king salmon only further up Cook's Inlet. There are reindeer here but not easily accessible at this season. There are large crabs (Maia) and halibut, but no cod- [[end page]] [[start page]] 47 fish except sick ones. Herring in windrows were thrown up on the beach or marshes by a very high tide four days ago There are four glaciers in sight on the SE side of the Bay, which is of high rugged and broken topography and composed chiefly of metamorphic rocks. The NW side is very uniform, high bluffs forming the edge of a table-land, with talus or low land extending a little toward the bay in front. The shore on this side is very uniform and rather shoal. The coal strata dip to the northward slightly and are intercalated with sandstones shales etc. bearing the impressions of fossil wood & leaves. The largest seam is some seven feet thick with a few thin seams of shale in it. The character of the coal is in general like that at Unga but of a rather better quality and much larger quantity. The shores are well-wooded with spruce alder, birch, poplar etc. The beaches are mostly gravel and show few sea weeds but kelp and very few shells. There is no settlement at Coal Point.

48 [[line]] Thursday July 1st/80 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[Table headings:]] Time. | Bar. | Dct. Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water | Wind 6 A.M. | 30.18 | 48 | 49 1/2 | 49 | 47 | NE 12 M. | 16 | 55 1/2 | 61 1/2 | 58 | 55 | Calm 6 P.M. | 10 | 50 | 52 1/2 | 52 | 48 1/2 | SW. [[/table]] Morning nearly clear. Later clears away. Evening perfectly clear and calm. Observations for time latitude and azimuth (astr. & mag.) all very good. Sent the boat out fishing. Get several halibut and a good many of the large crabs, which are excellent eating. Try the seine and get several barrels of small herring. Work over notebooks and records in P. M. [[line]] Friday July 2nd [[line]] [[table]] 6 A.M. | 29.98 | 44 1/2 | 46 | 45 1/2 | 48 | NE 12 M. | .92 | 50 1/2 | 51 1/2 | 51 | 48 | Calm 6 P.M. | .88 | 50 | 52 1/2 | 53 1/2 | 48 1/2 | Baffling [[/table]] Morning overcast, calm; P.M. overcast wind very light, and about 5 o'clock begins to rain but this ceases later in the evening. Take the large cutter and proceed to the spit infront of the largest glacier visible; in the morning. Walk about three miles over a gravel flat or plain which [[end page]] [[start page]] 49 descends in a gentle slope from the foot of the ice to the sea and is cut up with watercourses of which all but one or two are dry. Ascend the glacier for a short distance and return to the boat saw many bear tracks. One of the party killed a porcupine. From the spit take a number of angles and bearings to correct the chart of the bay. The height of the station is 24 ft. 6 in. above the water. Instrument U.S.C.S. Theodolite no. 122. We call the station Glacier Spit. [[light pencil]] 17 1/2 [[/light pencil]] General direction of the beach S 60 1/2 E Point in small bight to eastward S 43 E Hor. angle 0°.0'.0'. Point on opposite shore of bight S 41 E further in 2°.02' Opposite Head of bight, South, 44°.47' Pt. same shore further on S 26 3/4 W. 72°.13' Inner edges islet beyond S. 30 W. 75.53 Outer " " " [[dittos for: edges islet beyond]] S. 31 W. 76.49 Main shore beyond is nearly in one with this islet. Rock beyond S 33 1/2 W 78° 13' End of Coal Pt at water's edge S 49 1/2 W 94 14 1st of the seven trees on the Pt. S 51 W 96 33 7th tree S 51 1/2 W 97 01

50 Anchorage Coal Pt. S54W 99°.01'.30 A B Schooner vert. < water's edge 359°.55'. 179.54 55°.179.54 Dir. """""[[dittos for: Dir. Schooner vert. <]] top main mast 0.01 1/2 180.01 1/2 Rev. """[[dittos for: Schooner vert. <]] water's edge 179.57 359.58 """"[[dittos for: Rev. Schooner vert. <]]top main mast 180.11 0 08 1/2 Dir. """[[dittos for: Schooner vert. <]]water's edge 180.01 0 00 """"[[dittos for" Dir. Schooner vert. <]]top main mast 180.09 1/2 0 09 1/2 Rev. """[[dittos for: Schooner vert. <] water's edge 0.06 180 06 """"[[dittos for: Rev. Schooner vert. <]] top main mast 359 57 179 58 Height of mainmast above water line 99 f. 6 in Low neck, W end Coal Pt. S.66 1/2 W. 109.45 Watering place, approx S.80W 123.18 General trend of beach (spit) N.51W. 172 18 N14W. 209 18 Foot of hill opp. side Gl. spit. N9W. 214 18 Edge of trees this side do [[ditto for: Gl. spit]] N31E. 254 18 Mountain N. of Glacier N69E. 292 18 approx " [[ditto for: Mountain]] S. "" [[dittos for: of Glacier]] N88E 311 18 Point of starting S42 3/4 E 0°.0'. Observations ended we return to the vessel It begins to rain and the wind dies away Caught a halibut near the spit, which weighed 132 pounds, several smaller halibut and a large number of the large edible crabs. [[end page]] [[start page]] 51 [[line]] Saturday July 3rd/80 [[line]] [[page includes table with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. | Bar. | Dct.Ther. | dry b. | wet b. | water. | wind. 6 A.M. | 29.84 | 48 1/2 | 49 1/2 | 49. | 48 | Baffling 12 M. | .82 | 52 1/2 | 56 1/2 | 55 1/2 | 47 1/2 | SW 4 P.M. | .77 | 46 | 51 | 52 | 47 | " [[ditto for: SW]] 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .78 | 47 | 49 | 49 1/2 | 46 | Calm 12 "[[ditto for: P.M.]]| .68 | 46 | 47 1/2 | 47 1/2 | 43 |" [[ditto for: Calm]] [[/table]] Weather overcast, fair. Begins calm, afterward a light breeze, later calm again. Flood tide in P.M. about 5.30 Go ashore on Coal Pt. and take a series of angles bearings and measurements to correct sketch of the Bay, with, Theod. 123 & tel. Return on board at 12.30 At 1.15 P.M. weigh anchor and stand off and on down the bay toward Graham Harbor. [[line]] Sunday Judy 4th [[line]] [[table]] 4 A.M. | 29.64 | 46 | 47 | 47 1/2 | 44 | N 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]]| .54 | 49 | 51 | 50 1/2 | 55 | " [[ditto for: N]] 12 M. | .50 | 56 | 59 1/2 | 57 1/2 | 46 | ESE 4 P.M. | .60 | 45 | 58 | 56 | 45 | SW 8 "[[ditto for: P.M.]] | .64 | 52 1/2| 55 | 54 1/2 | 46 |" [[ditto for: SW]] [[/table]] Anchor under Dangerous Cape, opposite the ruins of the old Russian establishment, about 6 A.M. in 9 fms. black sand, Graham Harbor. Weather half cloudy, the sun out at times

52 at other times light showers. P.M. Heavy rain squalls from the head of the bay; later rains ceases and wind becomes lighter and less squally. Morning, get time azimuth and bearings on points of land in sight. P.M. some altitudes for time before squalls commence. In the morning after observations terminate visit the remains of the Russian post which contained a steam sawmill coal mine, shops for iron working & repairs barracks, church and numerous houses all of which were very substantially built and have suffered, not from decay but from being looted by the natives since the Russians left. Evening, take the cutter and visit the trading post and village on the other side of the entrance to Graham Harbor. Saw the agent, a Mr. Cohen who has been here eleven years. The Lancashire Witch was here May 5th and left for Kat'-chig-mak Gulf May 8th. Last winter was the coldest ever known here. 100 otters were obtained here in trade. Cook's Inlet was completely frozen over but he had no thermometer to determine the range [[end page]] [[start page]] 53 of temperature. The natives here are Eskimo of the Chugachigmut type; from Anchor Point northward the Kenai'ana' Indians inhabit the coast. Return to ship, 9 P.M. [[line]] Monday July 5th/80 [[line]] [[page includes table with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[Table]] [[Table headings:]] Time | Bar. | Oct. Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water. | Wind. 4 A.M. | 29.60 | 47 | 48 1/2 | 48 1/2 | 44 1/2 | Calm 8 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] | .55 | 49 | 53 | 52 1/2 | " " [[Dittos for: 44 1/2 | Calm]] 12 M. | .44 | 51 1/2 | 54 1/2 | 53 1/2 | " [[Ditto for: 44 1/2]] | NE 4 P.M | .37 | 49 | 51 | 50 1/2 | " [[Ditto for: 44 1/2]] | Calm 8 " [[Ditto for: P.M]] | .33 | 46 1/2 | 48 | 47 1/2 | " [[Ditto for: 44 1/2]] | Baffling Weather overcast. Wind at first light, later breezes up somewhat with heavy sea rolling in from S. & E. rain and fog. Morning four Kadiak who have been separated from their families since last September and have begged permission to work their passage to Kadiak, come aboard. Also Mr. Cohen with letters for Kadiak. About 9.30 A.M. stand out with a light breeze which dies away and leaves us at the mercy of a very heavy swell due to a gale somewhere outside, which is otherwise only reflected in the low barometer here. As the weather becomes very nasty with strong head tide and little wind I decide

54 to go into Port Chatham. The wind however does not hold out and we are obliged to anchor outside, under shelter of Cape Elisabeth in 9 fms hard bottom at 9 P.M. Get a number of angles and bearings on adjacent points of land showing it to be incorrectly laid down on the charts. [[line]] Tuesday July 6 / 80[[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. | Bar. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water | Wind 6 A.M. | 29.42 | 45 | 46 | 46 | 46 | Baffling 12 M. | .50 | 47 | 48 1/2 | 48 1/2 | 48 1/2| Calm 6 P.M. | .54 | 46 1/2| 48 | 48 | 47 | " [[Ditto for: Calm]] [[/table]] Weather rainy nearly calm. Barometer still very low. Try to get into Port Chatham but are prevented by the tide. Obtain numerous angles & bearings. Anchor again near the NW. head of Port Chatham. Go into the port with the sternboat, in the P.M. and draw the seine getting some small salmon and a good many trout. Evening calm. [[line]] Wednesday July 7th[[line]] [[table]] 6 A.M. | 29.62 | 46 1/2 | 48 | 48 | 44 1/2 | Calm 8 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] | .62 | 48 1/2 | 50 | 50 | 45 | " [[Ditto for: Calm]] 12 M. | .65 | 50 1/2 | 54 | 53 1/2 | 44 1/2 | SE 4 P.M. | .68 | 48 1/2 | 49 1/2 | 49 1/2 | 45 | " [[Ditto for: SE]] 8 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] | .70 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 44 1/2 | " [[Ditto for: SE]] 12 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]]| .78 | 45 1/2 | 47 | 47 1/2 | 45 | " [[Ditto for: SE]] [[/table]] [[end page]] [[start page]] 55 Morning; baffling winds or calms. Occasional showers. P.M. wind fresher at times but mostly light overcast and showery. About 9.30 A.M. stand out and vainly attempt with the light wind to beat through the passage eastward from the Barren Ids., finally going to the westward from them and taking a variety of angles and bearings to determine their position & height. Fine sunset. [[line]] Thursday July 8th/80[[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time | Bar. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water. | Wind. 4 A.M. | 29.80 | 45 | 46 | 46 | 43 1/2 | SE. 8 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] | 29.91 | 44 1/2 | 46 | 46 | 43 | " [[Ditto for: SE.]] 12 M. | 29.97 | 44 1/2 | 46 1/2 | 46 1/2 | 42 1/2 | " [[Ditto for: SE.]] 4 P.M. | 30.03 | 45 | 46 | 46 1/2 | 43 | " [[Ditto for: SE.]] 8 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] | 30.08 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 44 | " [[Ditto for: SE.]] 12 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]]| 30.10 | 44 1/2 | 46 | 46 1/2 | 43 1/2 | " [[Ditto for: SE.]] [[/table] Weather overcast & rainy all day. Wind moderate, toward evening nearly calm. Beating toward Kadiak along the eastern shore of Afognak. Toward night catch a good many cod and halibut on the 30 fm bank off the Id. [[line]] Friday July 9th [[line]] [[table]] 4 A.M. | 30.11 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 44 | SSE 8 " [[Ditto for: A.M.]] | .12 | 47 | 47 1/2 | 49 | 45 | " [[Ditto for: SSE]] 12 M. | .10 | 49 | 52 | 50 1/2 | 45 | S E by E. 4 P.M. | 30.00 | 55 1/2 | 60 1/2 | 59 1/2 | 46 | " [[Ditto for: S E by E.]] 8 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] | 29.95 | 50 | 52 | 51 1/2 | 45 | " [[Ditto for: S E by E.]] [[/table]]

56 A.M. wind very light, later fresh but hardly blowing home. Weather fine, fogbank in the distance but day mostly clear. Beating toward St. Paul Harbor all the morning. Anchor in Chagafka Cove about 2 P.M. Go ashore immediately and reoccupy the old astronomical and magnetic stations, getting time, astronomical and magnetic azimuth. Mr. Baker in the evening goes to Woody Island, and obtains from Mr. Pavloff, assistant agent at the Ice Company's establishment, the copy of the records of meteorological observations for the last twelve years taken at that station by the different agents. [[line]] Saturday July 10/80 [[line]] [[page includes table with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time | Barom. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water. | Wind. 6 A.M. | 29.84 | 46 1/2 | 47 1/2 | 47 1/2 | 44 1/2 | NE. 12 M. | .78 | 48 | 49 | 49 | 44 1/2 | " [[Ditto for: NE.]] 6 P.M. | .76 | 48 1/2 | 49 | 49 | 44 1/2 | NNE. [[/table]] Weather foggy and rainy all day. Wind light. Assist tidal observer in putting up his guage & work over copying records. Get from Mr.Fisher record of meteorological observations for two winters, taken by Mr. Harry P. Cope at North Foreland Cook's Inlet. [[end page]] [[start page]] 57 [[line Sunday July 11/80 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] 6 A.M. | 29.69 | 46 1/2 | 47 1/2 | 47 1/2 | 44 1/2 | NW 12 M. | .68 | 50 1/2 | 52 1/2 | 52 | 45 | N 6 P.M. | 68 | 48 1/2 | 49 1/2 | 49 | 45 | " [[ditto for: N]] [[/table]] Go over to Woody Id. and determine Character and position of instruments which were used in making observations referred to as taken by the Ice Companys agent. Wind fresh and squally. Weather overcast & foggy. [[line Monday July 12 [[line]] [[table]] 6 A.M. | 29.78 | 46 | 46 1/2 | 46 1/2 | 44 | NE 12 M. | .92 | 47 | 48 | 48 | 44 | " [[ditto for: NE]] 6 P.M. | .94 | 46 1/2 | 47 1/2 | 48 | 44 1/2| " [[ditto for: NE]] [[/table]] Morning rainy, foggy, with fresh gusts of wind. P.M. same with lighter winds. Set up a tent and get observations for dip and intensity. At work on tide guage. [[line]] Tuesday July 13 [[line]] [[table]] 6 A.M. | 29.97 | 46 | 46 1/2 | 47 | 47 | NE. 12 M. | 30.00 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 44 1/2 | " [[ditto for NE.]] 6 P.M. | 29.91 | 51 1/2 | - | - | 44 1/2 | N. [[/table]] Morning rainy & foggy, clears a little toward night. Wind moderate or light. Send the boat for fish and get a boatload of salmon & trout at one haul. [[line across page]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time | Bar. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water | Wind

58 [[line]] Wednesday July 14/80 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. | Barom. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water | Wind 8 A.M. | 29.82 | 46 1/2 | 48 | 48 | 44 | N 12 M | .72 | 47 | 51 1/2 | 50 1/2 | 45 | " [[ditto for: N]] 4 P.M. | .60 | 46 | 47 1/2 | 47 1/2 | 45 1/2 | NNW 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .62 | 47 | 47 1/2 | 47 1/2 | 46 1/2 | NNE 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .70 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 47 | NE [[/table]] Start out about 5 A.M. with a strong breeze & heavy sea abeam. Weather rainy & foggy, too rough to work on records but making good progress westward. [[line]] Thursday July 15th [[line]] [[table]] 4 A.M. | 29.75 | 46 1/2 | 48 1/2 | 48 1/2 | 47 1/2 | NE 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .75 | 49 | 48 | 48 | 48 | " [[ditto for: NE]] 12 M. | .80 | 50 | 57 1/2 | 53 1/2 | 46 1/2 | " [[ditto for: NE]] 4 P.M. | .85 | 49 | 50 | 49 1/2 | 46 | NNE 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .88 | 47 | 49 | 49 1/2 | 46 | NW 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .88 | 46 | 48 | 48 1/2 | 47 | " [[ditto for: NW]] [[/table]] Weather rainy & foggy clearing at night. Wind lighter & sea easier than yesterday. [[line]] Friday July 16th [[line]] [[table]] 4 A.M. | 29.87 | 46 | 48 | 48 | 47 1/2 | NW 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .82 | 49 | 48 1/2 | 48 1/2 | 48 | WNW 12 M. | .76 | 52 | 55 1/2 | 54 1/2 | 45 | " [[ditto for: WNW]] 4 P.M. | .74 | 51 | 54 1/2 | 53 1/2 | 45 1/2 | SW 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .70 | 48 1/2 | 49 | 49 | 44 1/2 | " [[ditto for: SW]] [[/table]] [[end page]] [[start page]] 59 Morning fine and clear becoming foggy in the evening. Wind squally all day. Desiring to utilize the fine weather (& making the Shumagins at daybreak with a prospect of not reaching our station at Humboldt Harbor until the afternoon) put into Northwest Harbor anchoring about 1 P.M. and going ashore at once obtain observations for magnetic and astronomical azimuth dip, intensity and time. Cross over the divide and examine Sandy Bay which is not exactly accurate on the chart. [[line]] Saturday July 17/80 [[line]] [[page includes table with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time | Bar. | Dct ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water. | Wind. 4 A.M. | 29.54 | 47 1/2 | 48 1/2 | 48 1/2 | 47 | SW 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .45 | 47 1/2 | 48 1/2 | 48 1/2 | 48 | " [[ditto for: SW]] 12 M. | .35 | 47 1/2 | 49 | 48 1/2 | 46 | " [[ditto for: SW]] 6 P.M. | .33 | 46 1/2 | 48 | 48 | 44 | NE [[/table]] Morning overcast with showers. P.M. rainy & foggy. Wind fresh in A.M. Stronger, growing to a stiff gale in P.M. Stand out of Northwest Harbor about 5.30 A.M. passing north of Big Koniushi and Nagai whose northern points in one bore W. [[strikethrough]] 3 [[/strikethrough]] 1/4 S. Peninsula Island in one with Wedge Cape bore E. by S. 3/4 S. and Castle Rock in one with

60 Wedge Cape E.by N.1/2N. Pass two schooners and many dories fishing and get into Humboldt Harbor about 1.10 P.M. The Caecilia a small schooner from Coal Harbor for Pirate's Cove puts in at the same time manned by three Portuguese. Afternoon working on records. [[line]] Sunday July 18/80 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time | Bar. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water | Wind 6 A.M. | 29.26 | 47 | 47 | 47 1/2 | 44 1/2 | NE 12 M. | .32 | 47 1/2 | 49 1/2 | 49 1/2 | 44 | NNE 6 P.M. | .44 | 51 | 50 1/2 | 50 | 45 | " [[ditto for: NNE]] [[/table]] Weather rainy, cloudy in P.M. Wind light, evening calm. Search for rock reported by Caton without success. Schr. Unga from Pirate's Cove for Delaroff passes through. The master had not heard of any such rock through he has navigated hearabouts for five years. [[line]] Monday July 19th [[line]] [[table]] 6 A.M. | 29.59 | 45 | 46 1/2 | 46 | 44 | Baffling 12 M. | .52 | 50 1/2 | 51 | 51 | 46 | " [[ditto for: Baffling]] 6 P.M. | .42 | 50 | 51 | 51 | 46 | WNW. [[/table]] Morning, very early, clear soon clouding over and becoming cold with several rainsqualls. Wind at first light or none, strong and squally in P.M. Observations for dip, intensity & [[end page]] [[start page]] 61 declination. Take our cutter and go round to Pirate's Cove, obtaining angles and bearings there from to fix position. Potatos turnips and radishes have been tried here large crop of potatos succeeded at Coal Harbor. About 15 white men at this place engaged in fishing. Reach vessel on our return at 7.15. ([[line]] Tuesday July 20/80 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. | Barom. | Ther. | dry b. | wet b. | Water. | Wind 6 A.M. | 29.45 | 44 | 46 1/2 | 46 1/2 | 45 | WNW 12 M. | .48 | 48 1/2| 47 1/2 | 46 | 45 1/2| " [[ditto for: WNW]] 6 P.M. | .48 | 49 | 52 1/2 | 52 | 46 1/2| " [[ditto for: WNW]] [[/table]] Cloudy with showers most of the day clearing away toward night. Wind blowing very fresh all day. Search for Caton's rock but the wind is too high to do anything satisfactory. Work over records. [[line]] Wednesday July 21st [[line]] [[table]] 6 A.M. | 29.55 | 46 |48 | 48 | 45 1/2 | NW 12 M. | .62 | 50 |52 1/2 | 52 1/2 | 44 1/2 | N 4 P.M. | .69 | 52 |52 1/2 | 53 | 47 | NW 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .81 | 49 |50 | 50 1/2 | 46 1/2 | " [[ditto for: NW]] 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .78 | 46 1/2 |48 | 48 | 45 1/2 | Calm [[/table]] Morning early, clear & calm, soon clouding over; later half cloudy. Wind moderate, strong in P.M.

62 Send the boat out early and succeed in finding the shoal patch in the strait. At low water, Capt Herendeen finds 3 fms; end of spit ˄[[insertion]] Unga Reefs [[/insertion]] in one with south end of Range Id. & NE. point of Popoff Id N. by E. 1/2 E.; Sand point, SE. by S. 1/2 S. The least water on it is 2 3/4 fms. With the west end Range Id & spit ˄[[insertion]] Unga Reefs [[/insertion]]in one. NW. point Popoff N. by E. 3/4 E. Sand point SE. by S. 1/2 S. There were three sounds at that depth and the shoal is about seventy five feet long & quite narrow. The bottom was clearly visible, without rocks and covered with clam shells and gravel. After breakfast stand out of Humboldt Harbor for Belkoffsky going to the Southward of Unga. Take many bearings on the land as we progress, and, arriving in the rocky region decide to lie to off Dolgoi Id. during the night. [[line]]Thursday, July 22/80 [[line]] [[page includes table with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time.| Barom. | Ther. | dry b. | wet b. | Water. | Wind. 4 AM | 29.82 | 46 | 47 | 47 1/2 | 46 | NW 8 " [[Ditto for: AM]] | .86 | 64 1/2 | 51 1/2 | 51 | 47 | Baffling 12 M. | .86 | 65 | 51 1/2 | 51 | 47 | " [[Ditto for: Baffling]] 4 P.M. | .89 | 56 1/2 | 60 | 59 | 48 1/2 | " [[Ditto for: Baffling]] 8 " [[Ditto for: P.M.]] | .95 | 50 1/2 | 52 | 52 | 46 1/2 | NW. [[/table]] [[end page]] [[start page]] 63 Weather fine, clear with passing clouds all day. Wind light to moderate. Occupy most of the early part of the day taking bearings from the ship. As the wind is too light to admit of getting the vessel to Belkoffsky before night we take the boat and go ashore on the south cape of Dolgoi Island. At the top of a small gravel beach just inside the Cape, establish our astronomical station where we obtain latitude and time; from a station about 250 feet above the sea on top of the Cape get a series of angles and bearings on the myriad rocks and islands in the vicinity, with a few observations for azimuth. Build a cairn on the site of the station and return to the vessel about 3.45 Proceed toward Belkoffsky but owing to light winds it is midnight before we can come to anchor about a mile off shore from the town in 20 fms, shelly & gravelly bottom. Bearings from the ship were taken during the afternoon.

64 [[line]] Friday July 23rd 1880 [[line]] [[page includes table with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[Table]] [[Table headings:]] Time. | Barom. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water | Wind. 6 A.M. | 29.97 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 46 | N 12 M. | 30.01 | 53 | 55 | 54 | 47 | SSE 6 P.M. | 30.02 | 56 1/2 | 54 | 54 | 47 | " [[ditto for: SSE]] [[/table]] Morning foggy, wind light. Later the fog rises and becomes so thin that the sun is visible through it. Get obs. for latitude, time, azimuth dip and intensity from a station at top of beach on the edge of a grassy flat; in front of the town which is situated on a moderately high bluff bank behind this flat. There is a high very steep ridge immediately behind the village; a low flat, with a stream, to the eastward, and a mountain, trending with the Iliasik Ids. immediately beyond this flat. From a station on the top of the bluff, just beyond the village get a series of angles and bearings on surrounding objects, somewhat interfered with by fog. Population here half a dozen whites, a few Russians & creoles and 350 Aleuts, the adult males all hunters. The town is built of wood with few barraboras and a fine church is going up at the expense of the natives. Frost is agent & [[end page]] [[start page]] 65 has his wife and four children here. A creole named Pavloff and the Western Fur and Trading Co. have establishments here for trading beside the A.C.C.: The landing is very bad at low water being a boulder beach an eighth of a mile wide between the sand beach and water enough to float a boat. In rough weather a boat cannot land. Kelp extends off a third of a mile. They grow a few turnips but being all hunters or traders take little interest in agriculture. The rock here is a breccia of trachyte. Notes. There is a vein of good coal on the eastern head of Pavloff Bay. The extraordinary pinnacles seen yesterday in the midst of the Alaskan mountains are nearest to the head of Medvidniekoff Bay between ˄ [[insertion]] the hills at the head of [[/insertion]] which and the pinnacles (called Aghileen) is a glacier. They are at the SE. edge of a crater visible from the N. side of Aliaska and are inaccessible. A rock of doubtful existence, called Hennig's rock was reported by him in Lat. 54.22 20". Lon. 163°.03'1/2 No one else has seen or heard of it and the navigators hereabouts do not believe in its existence.

66 [[line]] Saturday July 24/80 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. | Barom. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water | Wind. 6 A.M. | 30.07 | 46 | 48 | 48 | 45 | SSE 12 M. | .20 | 52 1/2 | 52 1/2 | 52 | 47 1/2 | SE 6 P.M. | .14 | 48 1/2 | 50 | 50 | 47 | " [[ditto for: SE]] [[/table]] Day foggy with light or moderate breezes At 10.30 sail from Belkoffsky taking angles and bearings on the land adjacent At 2.30 P.M. anchor in the strait between Lisy or Fox Id. and Oleny or Deer Id. waiting for the weather to clear. Get angles from the top of the Fox Id. & from the ship for a sketch of the vicinity. [[line]] Sunday July 25th [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] 4 A.M. | 30.12 | 47 1/2 | 49 | 48 1/2 | 45 1/2 | ESE 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .11 | 47 | 48 1/2 | 48 1/2 | 47 1/2 | E 12 M. | .14 | 48 1/2 | 50 | 49 1/2 | 46 | ENE 4 P.M. | 29.80 | 46 | 49 | 49 1/2 | 46 | " [[ditto for: ENE]] 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .79 | 46 | 49 | 48 | 44 | " [[ditto for: ENE]] 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .76 | 46 | 50 | 49 | 45 1/2 | NNE [[/table]] Weather foggy with squalls of rain in P.M. very heavy SW. sea, moderate to strong gales from the eastward lighter in the evening. Get a few bearings in the A.M. Vessel under double reefed foresail & jib. Get through the Unimak Pass, after which the sea moderates. [[end page]] [[start page]] 67 [[line]] Monday July 26/80 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. | Barom. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water. | Wind. 4 A.M. | 29.70 | 46 | 49 | 49 1/2 | 45 | ENE 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .69 | 46 | 47 1/2 | 47 1/2 | 44 | E 12 M. | .70 | 49 | 50 | 50 | 43 | " [[ditto for: E]] 4 P.M. | .72 | 49 | 51 | 50 1/2 | 43 1/2 | N 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .74 | 46 | 48 | 48 1/2 | 43 | ENE 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.] | .73 | 47 | 47 | 48 | 43 | Calm [[/table]] Morning cloudy with some fog Wind light to moderate. When the fog clears up in P.M. find ourselves to the westward of Cape Cheerful in a nearly dead calm. Toward night clear, calm, later light airs. [[line]] Tuesday July 27th [[line]] [[table]] 4 A.M. | 29.83 | 45 | 46 1/2 | 46 1/2 | 43 1/2 | W. 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .90 | 46 | 48 1/2 | 48 | 45 | N. 12 M. | .94 | 48 | 48 1/2 | 49 | 48 1/2 | NE. 4 P.M. | .97 | 49 | 50 | 50 | 48 1/2 | " [[ditto for: NE]] 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | 30.00 | 47 1/2 | 48 | 48 1/2 | 49 | " [[ditto for: NE]] [[/table]] Morning foggy followed by rain. Thick all day with light winds. Reach Iliuliuk Harbor about 8.15. The town has been much enlarged and improved. The cutter has been here and departed for the Arctic. From the Schr. Leo, captured and sent down by her it was learned that no

68 news had been received from the imprisoned whalers. The winter was fine here severe at the north and in St. Michaels & at St. Paul Id. St. Michael's was reached in the latter part of June at which time also the western side of Bering Strait was open but the eastern side blocked with ice. The barkentine Malay is in port discharging coal. The signals put up by us except one on top of a high hill, have been removed, doubtless for the lumber. About 3000 feet of lumber left here by us securely housed has been stolen outright and the house itself pulled to pieces and most of the lumber stolen. [[line]]Wednesday July 28/80 [[line]] [[page includes table with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time |Bar. |Ther |Dry b. |Wet b.| Water.|Wind 6 A.M. | 29.98 | 43 1/2 | 44 1/2 | 45 | 47 | NE 12 M.| .94 | 56 | 60 | 58 1/2 | 52 | " [[ditto for: NE]] 6 P.M. | .87 | 53 1/2 | 55 | 56| 52 | " [[ditto for: NE]] [[/table]] Weather foggy. Later clearing so that the sun can be seen through the fog, still later dense fog. Wind light all day. Obtain observations for time to rate [[end page]] [[start page]] 69 chronometers, astronomical and magnetic azimuth and dip. At work on accounts [[line]] Thursday, July 29/80 [[line]] [[page includes table with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time | Bar.| Ther |Dry b.|Wet b.| Water |Wind 6 A.M. | 29.86 | 46 1/2 | 47 1/2 | 47 | 48 | NW 12 M.| 29.92 | 52 1/2 | 59 | 57 1/2 | 49 1/2 | " [[ditto for: NW.]] 6 P.M. | 30.00 | 47 | 52 | 52 | 57 | " [[ditto for: NW.]] [[/table]] Weather foggy or overcast nearly all day, the sun peeping out a few times. Wind light. Day devoted to observations for dip and intensity and to working on accounts. In the morning Capt. Herendeen sounds on the 6 1/2 fm spot in Iliuliuk Harbor, and finds it a flat topped rock with 20 inches less than 6 fms on it, least water, at ordinary lowwater; small and rapidly falling off into 8 fms mud. Mr. King of the Western Fur & Trading Co gives some notes in regard to hydrographic observations in the Territory. There is a rock, half a mile to a mile off the east point of Attu. This is several feet above water with a passage behind it clear of dangers. There is a reef off Massacre Harbor Attu Id. in Lat. 54°43'. and Lon. 173°, half a mile long and ten feet high, not on the charts.

70 He could find none of the small bags indicated on the Rodgers chart in the coast of Agattu Id. and the natives said there were none. Two rocks near Amatignak are placed (on that chart) in the passage east of it, whereas they are still further to the eastward, out of the way. There is an anchorage on Amatignak, for a small vessel, between two points in 2 1/2 fms: a kelp patch at the entrance contained no dangers as far as he could determine. These facts were noted on our copy of the Rogers' chart. The chart taken down by Mr. Renshaw of the W. F. & G. Co. of the region about Sannakh, contains notes and improvements on the old Russian chart made by Pavloff at Belkoffsky, & can be seen at the company's office in San Francisco. [[line]] Friday, July 30./80 [[line]] [[page includes table with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. | Bar. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water | Wind. 6 A.M. | 30.17 | 44 1/2 | 45 1/2 | 45 1/2 | 47 | Calm. 12 M. | .26 | 56 | 68 1/2 | 66 | 53 | NW. 6 P.M. | .27 | 58 | 67 1/2 | 66 | - | ENE. [[/table]] Weather foggy early in A. M. and late in P. M. Rest of day fine and nearly clear with moderate winds. Day devoted to work on secular variation of the compass and the reports & accounts which are to be mailed here. [[end page]] [[start page]] 71 [[line]] Saturday July 31/80 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. | Bar. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water | Wind 6 A.M. | 30.26 | 54 1/2 | 51 1/2 | 50 1/2 | 51 1/2 | SSE 12 M. | .26 | 56 | 61 | 60 1/2 | 52 | " [[ditto for: SSE]] 6 P.M. | 18 | 52 | 59 | 58 | 53 1/2 | " [[ditto for: SSE]] [[/table]] Morning cloudy with short intervals of sun light, with strong winds and heavy squalls. Later, rains very hard; wind shifting to S & E. with squalls and strong gusts of rain. Day devoted to records and accounts. [[line]] Sunday Aug. 1 [[line]] [table] 6 A.M. | 30.05 | 59 | 62 | 61 1/2 | 54 | SW 12 M. | 30.02 | 61 1/2 | 64 1/2 | 63 | 52 1/2 | " [[ditto for: SW]] 6 P.M. | 29.94 | 62 1/2 | 64 | 64 | 52 1/2 | S [[/table]] Morning cloudy with showers, the sun breaking through occasionally. Wind light. About 6 P.M. southeasterly gale begins and blows heavy especially about midnight with squalls and heavy rain. Steamer St. Paul arrives from Seal Ids. to sail for San Francisco on the 4th. Will carry our official mail. [[line]] Monday Aug 2nd [[line]] [[table]] 6 A.M. | 29.59 | 57 1/2 | 60 | 59 | 53 | SSE 12 M. | .78 | 58 1/2 | 62 | 60 | 46 | SW 6 P.M. | .90 | 55. | 56 1/2 | 56 | 45 | " [[ditto for: SW]] [[/table]]

72 Weather squally, weather cloudy but with glimpses of sun. Wind very high, preventing us from going to sea or doing any field work. Put official mail in the hands of Capt. Erskine of the Str. St. Paul and of Capt. Petersen of the barkentine Malay for San Francisco, and Port Townsend respectively Work over records and accounts. [[line]] Tuesday Aug. 3rd/80 [[line] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. |Barom. |Ther. |Dry b. |Wet b. | Water. |Wind. 4 A.M. | 30.02 | 48 1/2 | 49 1/2 | 49 1/2 | 45 1/2 | SW. 8 " [[ditto for A.M.]]| .03 | 47 | 47 1/2 | 47 1/2 | 43 1/2 | WSW. 12 M. | .05 | 47 1/2 | 48 1/2 | 49 | 44 | " [[ditto for: WSW.]] 4 P.M. | .04 | 47 | 49 | 49 1/2 | 44 | " [[ditto for: WSW.]] 8 " [[ditto for P.M.]]| .04 | 46 1/2 | 48 | 48 1/2 | 44 | " [[ditto for: WSW.]] 12 "[[ditto for P.M.]]| .05 | 47 | 49 | 49 | 45 | " [[ditto for: WSW.]] [[/table]] Weather foggy wind moderate. Leave Unalashka about 4 A.M. and throughout the day go on our course for St. Paul Id. with little disturbance. Work over records & computations. [[line]] Wednesday Aug 4/80 [[line]] [[table]] 4 A.M. | 30.06 | 47 | 48 1/2 | 49 | 46 | W. 8 " [[ditto for A.M.]]| .06 | 48 | 49 1/2 | 49 1/2 | 47 | NW. by N. 12 M. | .11 | 47 | 50 | 51 | 47 | " [[ditto for: NW. by N.]] 4 P.M. | .12 | 48 1/2| 51 1/2 | 51 | 48 1/2 | NW. 8 " [[ditto for P.M.]]| .14 | 48 | 49 | 49 1/2 | 48 | " [[ditto for: NW.]] 12 "[[ditto for P.M.]]| .19 | 49 | 49 1/2 | 50 | 48 |SW [[/table]] [[end page]] [[start page]] 73 Wind very light. Sky partly sunny and partly overcast. Make very little headway. Work over records. [[line]] Thursday Aug.5/80 [[line]] [[page includes table with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. |Barom. |Ther. |Dry b. |Wet b. | Water. |Wind. 4 A.M. | 30.16 | 46 1/2 | 48 | 48 1/2 | 47 | SW 8 " [[ditto for A.M.]]| .11 | 47 | 49 | 50 | 46 | " [[ditto for: SW]] 12 M. | .10 | 49 1/2 | 50 | 50 | 45 1/2 | " [[ditto for: SW]] 4 P.M. | .12 | 47 | 49 | 49 1/2 | 44 | " [[ditto for: SW]] 8 " [[ditto for P.M.]]| .02 | 47 | 48 1/2 | 49 | 44 | " [[ditto for: SW]] 12 "[[ditto for P.M.]]| 29.99 | 46 | 48 | 48 1/2 | 44 | " [[ditto for: SW]] [[/table]] Morning cloudy, sun out for an hour or two but foggy toward evening. Wind moderate. Pass the eastern end of St. George Id. about noon. At 4 P.M. anchor off Black Bluffs St. Paul Id. where we are boarded by several fishing boats, and later by Col. Otis, Special Agent at St. Paul and Mr. Armstrong agent of the A.C. Co. As the weather is unsettled conclude to send in instruments with Messrs Noyes & Baker to remain over night in case landing in the morning should prove impracticable. Go ashore with them and have some conversation with the residents. There are twenty five wooden buildings at St George including a rather nice looking church 20,000 seal taken there this year.

74 The winter was rather severe and the spring unusually late. The first landing at St. Paul was May 31st. The season so far has been one of the dryest known. No rain fell during July and during June & July there was no time when a landing could not be made and the usual work done. At St. Paul last winter about 11,000 seal were taken for food, of which 4000 furnished skins which were taken by the Company About 80,000 skins were taken and accepted and six or seven thousand in all rejected this year. Only 18 skins of the regular killing rejected on account of cutting. Sixty natives did the skinning and the quota was taken in thirty five days. No oil was taken this year. Last years oil sold for 35¢ per gallon and it does not pay. There are about 80 wooden buildings here including a fine church & schoolhouse. The latter has 30 scholars and they are taught by an Aleut of the name of Butrin who was educated in Vermont at the Company's cost. The meteorological observations are taken by the Company's agent here (Dr. Noyes) [[end page]] [[start page]] 75 The instruments are in the village school house and are at the top of the village bluff or very nearly. Seven cottages are to be put up this winter. They cost the Company about $400.00 each. There are only one or two baraboras left. There are seven whites on the island this season to winter here. For the Government, J.H. Moulton and Col. Otis on St. George and St. Paul respectively. Go aboard again at 8 P.M. [[line]] Friday Aug. 6 1880 [[line]] [[page includes table with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time | Bar. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water |Wind. 4 A.M. | 29.92 | 45 1/2 | 46 1/2 | 47 | 43 | SSW 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .87 | 46 | 47 | 47 1/2 | 43 1/2 | " [[ditto for: SSW]] 12 M. | .79 | 46 1/2 | 48 1/2 | 48 1/2 | 43 1/2 | " [[ditto for: SSW]] 4 P.M. | .68 | 48 1/2 | 48 1/2 | 48 1/2 | 43 1/2 | SSE 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .59 | 46 | 48 | 48 1/2 | 43 1/2 | " [[ditto for: SSE]] 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .38 | 46 | 48 | 47 1/2 | 47 | SE [[/table]] Morning mostly cloudy or foggy with the sun out for a few moments at a time. P.M. cloudy, wind moderate, at evening rising to a stiff gale. Observations for dip intensity & declination none first class but all very welcome, as the weather shows signs of becoming bad. Go ashore about 1 P.M. and visit

76 the Reef rookery with Col. Otis. Hurry the observers off as wind increases and getting aboard about 5 P.M. make sail at once, going round the southern part of the island and meeting a SW. swell which, had it risen before our departure would have interrupted all communication with the shore. [[line]] Saturday, Aug 7 1880 [[line]] [[page includes table with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time | Bar. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water. | Wind. 4 A.M. | 29.14 | 46 | 48 | 48 | 47 | SE. 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] 28.90 | 47 | 48 | 48 | 45 | ESE. 12 M. | .78 | 46 | 48 | 49 | 45 | " [[ditto for: ESE.]] 4 P.M. | .68 | 47 | 48 1/2 | 48 1/2 | 46 | " [[ditto for: ESE.]] (6 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .65) 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .68 | 47 | 48 1/2 | 48 1/2 | 46 1/2 | " [[ditto for: ESE.]] 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .77 | 46 | 48 | 48 | 47 | " [[ditto for: ESE.]] [[/table]] A very stiff gale blowing with the lowest barometer of the season. Rain & heavy sea. Heave the vessel to. All work interrupted. [[line]] Sunday Aug 8th [[line]] [[table]] 4 A.M. | 28.78 | 46 1/2 | 48 | 48 | 46 1/2 | ESE 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .88 | 47 | 49 | 49 | 46 | " [[ditto for: ESE]] 12 M. | .94 | 47 1/2 | 49 | 49 | 45 | " [[ditto for ESE]] 4 P.M. | 29.01 | 46 | 48 | 48 1/2 | 46 | " [[ditto for ESE]] 8 " [[ditto for P.M.]] | .01 | 46 | 46 1/2 | 47 1/2 | 44 | " [[ditto for ESE]] 12 " [[ditto for P.M.]] | .11 | 45 | 47 1/2 | 47 1/2 | 43 1/2 | " [[ditto for ESE]] [[/table]] [[end page]] [[start page]] 77 Wind fresh, sea high, making good headway under reefs but all work interrupted. Rain & fog all day. [[line]] Monday Aug. 9./80 [[line]] [[page includes table with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. | Bar. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water. | Wind. 4 A.M. | 29.11 | 46 | 48 | 48 1/2 | 43 | ESE. 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .14 | 44 1/2 | 45 1/2 | 46 | 43 1/2 | E 12 M | .18 | 45 | 47 | 47 1/2 | 45 | " [[ditto for: E]] 4 P.M. | .20 | 45 1/2 | 47 1/2 | 47 1/2 | 44 1/2 | " [[ditto for: E]] 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .27 | 45 1/2 | 47 | 47 | 44 1/2 | " [[ditto for: E]] 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .30 | 46 | 47 | 47 | 45 | " [[ditto for E]] [[/table]] Rainy & foggy. Stiff breeze & heavy sea. Pass St. Mathew about 15 miles to the westward at 3 A.M. but see nothing in the fog. Keep on for Plover Bay. [[line]] Tuesday Aug 10th [[line]] [[table]] 4 A.M. | 29.32 | 45 1/2 | 47 | 47 | 44 1/2 | E 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .38 | 46 | 47 | 47 1/2 | 44 | " [[ditto for: E]] 12 M | .42 | 46 | 48 | 48 | 47 | " [[ditto for: E]] 4 P.M. | .43 | 46 | 46 | 46 1/2 | 44 | " [[ditto for: E]] 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .38 | 47 | 48 1/2 | 49 | 45 | NE 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .32 | 48 | 50 | 50 | 46 | E [[/table]] Morning foggy with rain. P.M. rain holds up at times. Wind moderate to light but heavy sea continues. In the morning make land, Cape Aggen, sixty miles to

78 the westward from Plover Bay, hearing NW. by N. about thirty miles. Beat to the eastward with light wind and heavy ^[[insertion]] head [[/insertion]] sea. Later foggy and rainy. Everybody pretty well disgusted by the constant pitching and tossing of the last few days. [[line]] Wednesday Aug. 11th 1880 [[line]] [[page includes table with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] | Time. | Bar. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water. | Wind.| | 4 A.M. | 29.39 | 45 | 47 1/2 | 48 | 43 | E | | 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .42 | 44 1/2 | 46 | 46 | 43 1/2 | " [[ditto for: E]] | | 12 M. | .52 | 46 | 48 | 48 1/2 | 46 | " [[ditto for: E]] | | 4 P.M. | .56 | 45 1/2 | 47 | 47 | 44 1/2 | " [[ditto for: E]] | | 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .60 | 45 | 47 | 47 | 44 | " [[ditto for: E]] | [[/table]] Morning, wind light and & so continues most of day. Heavy sea continues, weather overcast with occasional showers. In the afternoon finally get into Plover Bay entrance and meet the steamer Corwin of the U.S. Revenue service coming out, bound for St. Michaels after coaling. Captain Hooper comes aboard and informs us that three weeks ago the ice prevented his going further than Icy Cape, but a week ago he was within twenty miles of Herald Id. where most of the whales were, having had [[end page]] [[start page]] 79 good luck. All well on board. After going to St. Michaels he was going to Herald Id. and then over to the American coast again then to Unalashka and down by Oct. 1st. No news from the Jeannette or the whalers. Part company and then proceed into Plover Bay where we anchor in Port Providence about 10 P.M. in 17 fms. water Several canoes of dirty but goodnatured natives come alongside. [[line]] Thursday Aug. 12. [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] | Time. | Bar. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water. | Wind.| | 6 A.M. | 29.67 | 45 | 46 1/2 | 47 | 44 | N. | | 12 M. | .75 | 49 | 50 1/2 | 50 1/2 | 44 1/2 | S. | | 6 P.M. | .78 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 45 | Var. | [[/table]] Weather overcast with a few glimpses of sunshine. Wind quite light. Obs. for time dip, intensity, astronomical and magnetic declination, at, or very near, Onatsevich's station on the spit. [[line]] Friday Aug 13th [[line]] [[table]] | 6 A.M. | 29.78 | 46 | 46 1/2 | 46 1/2 | 44 1/2 | Var | | 12 M | .76 | 47 | 48 1/2 | 48 1/2 | 45 | " [[ditto for: Var]] | | 6 P.M. | .78 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 45 1/2 | S | [[/table]] Weather overcast with showers. Evening calm foggy. Throughout the day, wind light or none.

80 [[line]] Saturday Aug. 14 / 80 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] | Time | Bar. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water | Wind| | 6 A.M. | 29.78 | 46 | 47 | 47 1/2 | 45 | S | | 12 M. | .78 | 49 1/2 | 50 | 50 | 45 1/2 | " [[ditto for: S]]| | 4 P.M. | .75 | 47 | 48 | 48 1/2 | 45 1/2 | SW | | 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .72 | 44 1/2 | 46 | 46 | 45 | " [[ditto for: SW]] | | 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .70 | 44 | 44 | 45 | 46 | Calm | [[/table]] Day foggy with about an hour's sunshine in the latter part of the afternoon. Wind none or light. Observations for fixing station. About 1.10 P.M. heave up anchor & drop out of Plover Bay with the tide, en route for Cape Lisburne. Later calm. [[line]] Sunday Aug. 15th [[line]] [[table]] | 4 A.M. | 29.68 | 42 | 41 1/2 | 41 1/2 | 35 | NE | | 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .61 | 44 | 38 1/2 | 39 | 36 | " [[ditto for: NE]]| | 12 M. | 56 | 48 | 51 1/2 | 51 | 38 | Calm | | 4 P.M. | .50 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 45 | " [[ditto for: Calm]] | | 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]]| .48 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 44 1/2 | " [[ditto for: Calm]] | | 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .45 | 42 | 43 | 43 1/2 | 38 | N | [[/table]] Dead calm all day. Get sounding and bottom temperature off Cape Chaplin. Bottom gravelly. Some Eskimo come off from the village on the Cape. Weather half cloudy rains at night. [[end page]] [[start page]] 81 [[line]] Monday Aug. 16 / 80 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] | Time | Bar. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water | Wind| | 4 A.M. | 29.42 | 41 1/2 | 44 | 45 | 37 1/2 | N | | 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .42 | 43 1/2 | 45 | 45 | 45 1/2 | NNE | | 12 M. | .41 | 46 | 46 | 45 1/2 | 46 1/2 | " [[ditto for: NNE]] | | 4 P.M. | .41 | 42 | 43 1/2 | 44 | 43 1/2 | N. by E. | | 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .38 | 41 | 43 | 43 | 41 1/2 | " [[ditto for: N. by E.]] | | 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | 36 | 45 | 42 | 43 | 44 | " [[ditto for: N. by E.]] | [[/table]] Weather foggy with some rain. Wind moderate. Work over records & computations. [[line]] Tuesday Aug. 17 [[line]] [[table]] | 4 A.M. | 29.32 | 43 | 44 1/2 | 44 1/2 | 44 | NW | | 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .35 | 44 | 44 | 44 1/2 | 44 1/2 | Calm | | 12 M. | .35 | 43 1/2 | 44 | 44 1/2 | 44 | ENE | | 4 P.M. | .41 | 42 | 41 | 41 1/2 | 41 1/2 | NE | | 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .50 | 42 | 42 | 42 1/2 | 43 1/2 | " [[ditto for: NE]] | | 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .55 | 42 1/2 | 44 1/2 | 44 1/2 | 43 | ENE | [[/table]] Day foggy except about 2 hours in the P.M. Wind moderate morning & evening, fresh in the middle of the day. At 8 A.M. sound in 13 fms. Top temperature 44 1/2 bottom 40°F per specific gravity cup. E. head St. Lawrence Bay bore [[strikethrough]] E [[/strikethrough]] N by E 1/2 E.; the mountains north of Mechigme, W. by N. 1/2 N.; and those S. of do. [[do. = ditto for: Mechigme]] W 1/2 S. Lat. 67°. 17'. Lon. 171° 12' W. Put over the dredge finding bottom of coarse gravel & stones. Work over records.

82 [[line]] Wednesday Aug. 18/80 [[line]] [[page includes tables with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. | Barom. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water. | Wind. 4 A.M. | 29.58 | 41 | 42 | 42 1/2 | 44 | NNW 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .59 | 44 1/2 | 46 | 46 | 45 | " [[ditto for: NNW]] 12 M. | .60 | 50 | 49 | 50 | 51 | N 4 P.M. | .61 | 48 | 49 1/2 | 49 1/2 | 49 1/2 | " [[ditto for: N]] 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .58 | 47 1/2 | 49 1/2 | 49 1/2 | 51 | " [[ditto for: N]] 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .49 | 47 | 49 | 49 | 50 | " [[ditto for: N]] [[/table]] Weather foggy except an hour or two before sunset. Wind fresh, dead ahead. A strong tide running against it all the P.M. makes a strong choppy sea. Temperature of water rather high. See the Diomedes and get a view of them. The smaller one is inhabited. Fairway Rock is abrupt about 360 feet high, top grassy, no inhabitants or landing place. Work on records [[line]] Thursday Aug 19th [[line]] [[table]] 4 A.M. | 29.50 | 46 1/2 | 48 | 48 | 48 | NNW 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .48 | 49 | 49 | 49 1/2 | 49 | " [[ditto for: NNW]] 12 M. | .44 | 50 | 51 | 51 | 50 1/2 | " [[ditto for: NNW]] 4 P.M. | .40 | 51 | 51 | 51 1/2 | 51 | Calm 8 " [[ditto for: P.M. | .44 | 50 | 48 1/2 | 49 | 51 | " [[ditto for: Calm]] 12 " | .50 | 50 1/2 | 52 | 52 | 50 1/2 | S [[/table]] Weather fine, warm, foggy in the distance; wind light & adverse. Work over records. Cross the Arctic circle. [[end page]] [[start page]] 83 [[line]] Friday Aug. 20/80 [[line]] [[page includes table with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. | Barom. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water. | Wind. 4 A.M. | 29.51 | 48 | 49 | 49 1/2 | 50 | SW 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | .60 | 47 1/2 | 47 1/2 | 45 | 4[[appears to be a 9 overwritten by a 5]] | " [[ditto for: SW]] 12 M. | .70 | 48 1/2 | 47 1/2 | 48 | 49 | SSW 4 P.M. | .77 | 46 1/2 | 48 1/2 | 48 1/2 | 49 | SSE 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .82 | 46 | 47 1/2 | 47 1/2 | 47 1/2 | " [[ditto for: SSE]] 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .89 | 46 | 48 1/2 | 48 1/2 | 48 | " [[ditto for: SSE]] [[/table]] Strong fair wind all day; sky overcast with some fog. Pass point Hope at 3.15 P.M. It is a long low gravel spit with numerous stages, caches, graves & moundlike Eskimo houses scattered along it. There is a stiff current & rip at the end but no shoal or reef as far as visible. The village at this season is empty the natives being engaged in fishing elsewhere. The chart gives a current of 1 1/2 - 2 knots to the westward and northward and three knots to the northward around Pt. Hope, but this is not constant and is chiefly due to tide and wind for Mr. McDonald informs me that both he and Capt. Smithers of the Vigilant experienced in 1879 in July, or the early part of August an equally strong

84 set to the eastward and southward (with a NW. wind) for at least ten hours. Cape Thompson to the eastward from Pt. Hope is high bluff & bold; northward from Pt. Hope the land is high bluff seeming to be composed of much tilted & twisted stratified rocks, mostly dipping about 20° to 50° to the eastward and southward. Cape Lisburne with which we come up about 7 P.M. is high, bluff and bold composed of much metamorphosed limestone beds containing large masses of silicious material which stands out along its edges in sharp pinnacles. From its extreme a long narrow band of shoal water extends as indicated by the charts, several miles but probably with not less than three fathoms on it. We crossed it in 5 1/4 fathoms and came to anchor under the lee of the cape in 7 fms muddy bottom about 8.35 P.M. [[line]] Saturday Aug 21/80 [[line]] [[page includes table with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. | Bar. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water. | Wind 4 A.M. | 29.92 | 47 | 47 | 47 1/2 | 49 | NE 8 " [[ditto for: A.M.]] | 30.00 | 48 | 49 | 49 1/2 | 48 | " [[ditto for: NE]] 12 M. | 30.06 | 53 | 53 | 52 1/2 | 50 1/2 | " [[ditto for: NE]] [[/table]] [[end page]] [[start page]] 85 [[page includes table with 7 columns - "|" used to better distinguish separate column fields for readability.]] [[table]] [[table headings:]] Time. | Barom. | Ther. | Dry b. | Wet b. | Water | Wind. 2 P.M. | | 80 | | | | 4 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | 30.17 | 53 | 58 1/2 | 59 | 50 | Calm 8 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .12 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 51 | NE 12 " [[ditto for: P.M.]] | .16 | 49 | 49 1/2 | 50 | 50 1/2 | " [ditto for: NE]] [[/table]] Morning mostly cloudy, sun out at times P.M. half clear. Calm until evening when we have light airs. Observations at the mouth of a small stream about 2 miles eastward from the Cape, for dip, intensity declination, time and latitude. Get a serial sounding, showing a gradual diminution of temperature of one degree from top to bottom. The shore here is sandy & gravelly backed by banks of waterworn pebbles, sand &c, covered with a six foot layer of vegetable mould. This bank rises to a height of fifteen or twenty feet and slopes gradually toward rounded limestone hills, for the most part bare of vegetation and greatly weathered so that the superficial rock is crumbled into gravel by the frost. The usual northern vegetation covers the low lands with an olive green mantle. A good many flowers, including the forgetmenot, monks

86 hood, chickweed, scurvy grass, dock &c were still in bloom, many however were far gone in seed. Mosquitos, but not numerous, a few hymenoptera of small size and one or two microlepidoptera were seen. Birds were moderately abundant including a titlark which seems new to the fauna; and the marmots were very large & fat. The beach was very bare of life or remains of either animal or vegetable matter; the stream & sea were destitute of food fish, but the water seemed crammed with whalefeed of various kinds. There were no traces of moraines erratics or true glacial debris, and very few patches of snow, these mostly in sheltered ravines. There is a small village of ten or fifteen people at the eastern end of Cape Lisburne bluff. During the entire time of our stay the current at our anchorage runs about 2 knots to the west and south at evening there was an eddy along shore in the opposite direction. A light air springing up, weigh anchor & stand to the NE ward at 7.45 P.M. [[end page]] [[start page]] 87 New Notebook commenced Aug 22nd 1880. Index. Agattu Id p. 70 Aghileen Pinnacles 65 Alert Bay 17 Amatignak Id & Straits 70 Astronomical station, Sitka 13, 29 Arctic Ocean, notes on 78-79 Attu Id, rocks off 69 Bare Hill, Grenville Channel 18 Barren Ids, Cook's Inlet 45 Belkoffsky, arrive at 63 notes on 64 chart of region near 70 Bering Strait, soundings in 81 Betton Island 21 Blinkhorn Id 17 Brown Passage, breaker in 19 Cape Chaplin, sounding off 80 Cape Cross 32 Cape Elisabeth, breaker near 19

88 Cape Lisburne, arrive at 84 notes on 85 Cape Thompson 84 Carroll rock 17 Caton's rock Popoff Strait 62 Chichagoff Id, notes on 31 Chilkaht expedition 9 Chugachik Bay, notes on 46-47 Coal Pt. Chugachik Bay, arr. at 46 Cross Sound, bearings off &c 33-34 Currents in Arctic Ocean 83,86 Dolgoi Id. arrive at 63 Edgecumbe volcano, height of 31 Etolin Island 21 Fairway Rock 82 False Passage, Seymour Narrows 16 Fisherman's Cove 18 Fortuna Id. 31 Granite Point Johnstone Strait 16 Gravina Islands 19,20 Glaciation at Sitka 21 at Wrangell 21 [[end page]] [[start page]] 89 Glacier Chugachik Bay 48 near St Elias 40,41 Glacier spit, obs. at 49,50 Guard Id. Tongass Narrows 20 1 Hecate Strait, currents in 17-18 Hennig's rock 65 Hewitt rock 22 Hot Springs Sitka 14,23 Humboldt Harbor, arr. at 60 Jacobi Island, notes on 32 Iliuliuk Harbor shoal in 65 Kadiak, arrive at 56 Lisiansky Strait, soundings at 33 Lisy Id. arrive at 66 Mount Calder 22 Mount Eldon 17 Mount Edgecumbe, height of 31 Mount St. Elias 38 Nabannah Bay, Grenville Ch. 18 Noquashinski Bay 27 Northwest Harbor arr.at 59

90 Old Sitka p. 12,26 Pirate Cove, obs. at 61 Plover Bay, arrive at 78 Point Higgins 21 " [[Ditto for: Point]] Hope 83 " [[Ditto for: Point]] Sitkagi 43 " [[Ditto for: Point]] Theodore 32 " [[Ditto for: Point]] Vallenar 20 Population, at Sitka 10-11 Port Althorp, arr. at 34 " [[Ditto for: Port]] Chatham " " [[Dittos for: arr. at]] 54 " [[Ditto for: Port]] Port Graham, arr. at 51 " " " [[Ditto for: Port Port Graham]] notes at 52 " [[Ditto for: Port]] Mulgrave, arr. at 37 Race Point 16 Redoubt Bay, Sitka 24 St. George Island 73 St. Paul Island, arr. at 73 notes at 74 Sandy Bay, Little Koniushi 39 Seymour Narrows, notes at 16 [[end page]] [[start page]] 91 Shumagin Ids, bearings in p. 59 Sitka, arrive at 8 " [[ditto for: Sitka]] Old 12,26 " [[ditto for: Sitka]] soundings near 30 Sparrowhawk Rock 19 Tides, Grenville Channel 18 " [[ditto for: Tides,]] Johnstone Strait 17 Time sights, Sitka 29,30 Tolstoi Point 21 Tongass Mountain 19 Unalashka, arr. at 67 Vauks Id. 21 Vegetables Bucareli Sound 24 " [[ditto for: Vegetables]] Khutsnu 24 " [[ditto for: Vegetables]] Pirate Cove 61 " [[ditto for: Vegetables]] Sitka 12,23 " [[ditto for: Vegetables]] Belkoffsky 64 Ward Cove, Tongass Narrows 20 Winter 1879-80, notes on 8,68,74 Wrangell 21 Yakutat Bay obs. in 38-39

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