Posts tagged with: MayDay
What to Do When More Than a Few Papers Get Wet
In honor of the Heritage Preservation organization’s annual MayDay initiative to protect cultural heritage from disasters, the Archives will be highlighting how we deal with emergencies and how you can prepare yourself in a series of blog posts.
Throughout the year, the Smithsonian Institution Archives reviews our plans for how we will deal with emergencies in Smithsonian collections. One of the most common emergencies both archives and individual paper-based collections (documents, diaries, books, photos, etc.) encounter is a wet environment caused by flooding—in fact, floods are the most common natural disaster in the US. In honor of May Day we wanted to blog about some drying techniques used for wet paper.
The tried and true salvage method for paper is air drying, but if you have a lot of documents, and only limited flat space to arrange them, this is not an efficient approach. Another method that will work is to freeze the materials as soon as possible, and then take them out of the freezer in small batches and air dry them. The downside to this arrangement is the length of time it will take to dry out a large quantity of materials, and the likelihood that documents will get out of order. The method the Archives most recently used was to vacuum freeze dry a collection of about thirty boxes that got wet when a sprinkler head was accidentally knocked off. First we collected the wet papers into plastic corrugated boxes, wrapped the boxes in plastic bags, and put them in our walk-in freezer at 20⁰F.
A vendor arrived a few weeks later to load the boxes into a refrigerated truck, and to take them to a vacuum freeze dry facility. At the facility, the plastic bags were removed and the boxes with their contents were dried in-situ. When the contents returned to the Archives in about three weeks they were, as we expected, damaged but useable. The characteristic cockling of air-dryed papers was there, and so was the water-damaged inks, but there was no blocking (sticking together) of photographs or coated papers. So while the looks of the papers has changed, fortunately, the collection is ready for use.
It’s an unfortunate fact that drying wet documents will never get the document to looking as good as new without extensive, expensive, and possibly invasive conservation treatments. This is why we place such an emphasis on prevention… because it is worth a pound of cure.
To build your own disaster plan, consult the resources in this recent post.
May Day Motto: Be Prepared
In honor of the Heritage Preservation organization’s annual MayDay initiative to protect cultural heritage from disasters, the Archives will be highlighting how we deal with emergencies and how you can prepare yourself in a series of blog posts.
April Showers may bring May flowers, but around here the change of month brings thoughts of May Day, the Heritage Preservation organization’s annual reminder about emergency preparedness for our collections, no matter what the weather. We too have our share of problems around here, some of which are indoor accidents such as the sprinkler release (due to heat buildup below the sprinkler) pictured below.
Thankfully, and because we plan for and are prepared to handle small scale emergencies in-house, we can quickly move into a “Response and Recovery” mode. But what about small libraries or archives that are affected by the same types of disaster but haven’t pre-planned for such contingencies?
Earlier this year, I received the following email from a colleague: “My mom is a librarian at a middle school and they had a sprinkler malfunction in the library sometime Sunday or early Monday morning [author’s note: this email was received the following Tuesday]. About 1,500-2,000 books were affected. As of right now, they are trying to determine whether or not they can save them. Do you think it is worth the time to attempt to salvage a collection of children and young adult books that are most likely replaceable? They are attempting to dry out the books until they decide how to proceed, although I am unsure of how they are going about it.”
This was my response, somewhat edited: Although possible, it’s likely not worth it to save the books, depending on how wet and warm they are, and whether the library has the budget, space, time, and insurance money to do so. If books are only slightly wet, it is certainly possible to set them up on tables in an area with circulating fans and dehumidifiers. If they are seriously soaked, they can be quickly frozen and then vacuum or vacuum thermal freeze dried (VFD/VTFD), and then additionally vacuumed by a disaster recovery company to remove any potential mold residues. In school situations, parents and school boards have generally preferred to avoid the risk of reusing potentially moldy materials (even if there is no mold risk identified). Also, because of the high image content of children’s books as opposed to text-heavy young adult readers, a good percentage of those books are produced on glossy coated paper stock, which may not recover as well from a treatment if they have been allowed to partially dry out in warm conditions for more than forty-eight hours and have stuck (or “blocked”) together, or supported mold growth.
Summing up, all is not lost when archival and library materials are wetted in accident or flood. Successful recovery is highly dependent on the advance planning and resources of the organization and context and worth of the material. If one is prepared to react with a Disaster Plan, and not in crisis mode, surprising amounts of material are recoverable, legible, and usable.
To quote another famous line: Be Prepared.
To build your own disaster plan, here are some resources:
- Heritage Preservation’s Resources for Emergency Planning and Preparedness– Tools to help any institution plan and prepare for all types of emergencies.
- Heritage Preservation’s D-Plan– A free online disaster-planning tool for cultural and civic institutions.
- American Library Association’s Disaster Response: A Selected Annotated Bibliography– An extensive bibliography with information on all areas of disaster response, from vandalism to earthquakes.
- Mid-Atlantic Resource Guide for Disaster Preparedness– A comprehensive guide of vendors and resources for disasters in the mid-Atlantic, as well as useful information and links to regional centers for conservation nationwide.
- The Western Association for Art Conservation’s “Salvage at a Glance” poster– A simple print guide providing handling, packing, and drying methods for different materials, by type.
- Heritage Preservation’s Emergency Response and Salvage Wheel and Field Guide– A more comprehensive tool that complements the “Salvage at a Glance” poster above.
Finally, stay tuned for an upcoming blog post in this series regarding other techniques for dealing with wet paper.
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